{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203716883","doi":null,"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.","display_name":"Diagnosis and Management of Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203716883","mag":"3203716883","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34602892","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8475250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7377819","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8475250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8475250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050735301","display_name":"Amit C Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-5901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7214-5901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139568","display_name":"Durham VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/034adnw64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210119589","https://openalex.org/I4210139568","https://openalex.org/I4210159720"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine and the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine and the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210139568"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024017057","display_name":"Rena H. Yadlapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7872-2033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7872-2033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rena Yadlapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93041443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"305","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10671","display_name":"Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10619","display_name":"Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease","display_name":"refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution-manometry","display_name":"high-resolution manometry","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-ph-monitoring","display_name":"impedance-pH monitoring","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-endoscopy","display_name":"upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esophagitis","display_name":"esophagitis","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiatal-hernia","display_name":"hiatal hernia","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eosinophilic-esophagitis","display_name":"eosinophilic esophagitis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esophageal-motility-disorders","display_name":"esophageal motility disorders","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antireflux-surgery","display_name":"antireflux surgery","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-management","display_name":"lifestyle management","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atypical-reflux-symptoms","display_name":"atypical reflux symptoms","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223591","display_name":"GERD","level":4,"score":0.9245584011077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8649448156356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776462128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537297","display_name":"Heartburn","level":4,"score":0.6174153089523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778197217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727153","display_name":"Hiatal hernia","level":4,"score":0.6093143820762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5729869604110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781143854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938957","display_name":"Esophagogastroduodenoscopy","level":3,"score":0.5524069666862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781025758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421704","display_name":"Proton-pump inhibitor","level":2,"score":0.5296164751052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.5247328877449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781065132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2057356","display_name":"Eosinophilic esophagitis","level":3,"score":0.48986145853996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778704086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693058","display_name":"Chest pain","level":2,"score":0.45791497826576233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779920096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298230","display_name":"Esophagitis","level":4,"score":0.4419538378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43270747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898610","display_name":"Reflux","level":3,"score":0.44078660011291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780168065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930043","display_name":"Regurgitation (circulation)","level":2,"score":0.43304723501205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778510232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757676","display_name":"High resolution manometry","level":4,"score":0.4286271333694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.391685426235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778451229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212809","display_name":"Endoscopy","level":2,"score":0.21785512566566467}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7377819","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8475250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8475250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8475250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34602892","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34602892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gastroenterology & hepatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt0pc4p5h0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pc4p5h0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gastroenterology & hepatology, vol 17, iss 7","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7377819","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8475250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4468390","https://openalex.org/W753130981","https://openalex.org/W1561964393","https://openalex.org/W1892300607","https://openalex.org/W1899864671","https://openalex.org/W1968552480","https://openalex.org/W1973264081","https://openalex.org/W1973836716","https://openalex.org/W1974932096","https://openalex.org/W1975454616","https://openalex.org/W1989944151","https://openalex.org/W1991913146","https://openalex.org/W1992048018","https://openalex.org/W1998138296","https://openalex.org/W1999870690","https://openalex.org/W2004630542","https://openalex.org/W2004830815","https://openalex.org/W2005220998","https://openalex.org/W2005465339","https://openalex.org/W2017153717","https://openalex.org/W2017475244","https://openalex.org/W2017651654","https://openalex.org/W2018277339","https://openalex.org/W2018319850","https://openalex.org/W2019294459","https://openalex.org/W2021537419","https://openalex.org/W2030635648","https://openalex.org/W2043894681","https://openalex.org/W2052113971","https://openalex.org/W2057924907","https://openalex.org/W2063002447","https://openalex.org/W2070255819","https://openalex.org/W2071664088","https://openalex.org/W2073492225","https://openalex.org/W2075008048","https://openalex.org/W2077878839","https://openalex.org/W2080284730","https://openalex.org/W2082253687","https://openalex.org/W2084964185","https://openalex.org/W2087700939","https://openalex.org/W2093049817","https://openalex.org/W2094149744","https://openalex.org/W2099755910","https://openalex.org/W2112646102","https://openalex.org/W2115870674","https://openalex.org/W2118912135","https://openalex.org/W2128212812","https://openalex.org/W2129344224","https://openalex.org/W2137384882","https://openalex.org/W2138946218","https://openalex.org/W2140865159","https://openalex.org/W2142386635","https://openalex.org/W2145724381","https://openalex.org/W2162374495","https://openalex.org/W2176406685","https://openalex.org/W2217371483","https://openalex.org/W2267101014","https://openalex.org/W2281911471","https://openalex.org/W2318535291","https://openalex.org/W2321533991","https://openalex.org/W2341919781","https://openalex.org/W2345880044","https://openalex.org/W2489327850","https://openalex.org/W2509902192","https://openalex.org/W2517074250","https://openalex.org/W2534484525","https://openalex.org/W2565212146","https://openalex.org/W2602581051","https://openalex.org/W2611898271","https://openalex.org/W2612167842","https://openalex.org/W2617435753","https://openalex.org/W2744685332","https://openalex.org/W2754097702","https://openalex.org/W2760177571","https://openalex.org/W2782251711","https://openalex.org/W2785608288","https://openalex.org/W2800775206","https://openalex.org/W2802885536","https://openalex.org/W2808403440","https://openalex.org/W2883435608","https://openalex.org/W2883888396","https://openalex.org/W2886507797","https://openalex.org/W2919640206","https://openalex.org/W2947527595","https://openalex.org/W2955861000","https://openalex.org/W2956461959","https://openalex.org/W2969713145","https://openalex.org/W2980759431","https://openalex.org/W2994872141","https://openalex.org/W3003392446","https://openalex.org/W3003792953","https://openalex.org/W3015326579","https://openalex.org/W3021269859","https://openalex.org/W3022825029","https://openalex.org/W3029105323","https://openalex.org/W3038838804","https://openalex.org/W3042902155","https://openalex.org/W3046453962","https://openalex.org/W3048384049","https://openalex.org/W3085508902","https://openalex.org/W3091621605","https://openalex.org/W3109246350","https://openalex.org/W3111471532","https://openalex.org/W3114191788","https://openalex.org/W3117727838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390595162","https://openalex.org/W4312353032","https://openalex.org/W2109435889","https://openalex.org/W3114191788","https://openalex.org/W2897209090","https://openalex.org/W3165778231","https://openalex.org/W3045031983","https://openalex.org/W2383946322","https://openalex.org/W1979543421","https://openalex.org/W2029833670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"up":[1],"to":[2,9,87,105,168],"half":[3],"of":[4,95,110,118,198,202],"patients":[5,67,96,111,213],"with":[6,21,68,97,112,132,178,214],"symptoms":[7,17,29,114,215],"suspected":[8,98],"stem":[10,57],"from":[11,58,217],"gastroesophageal":[12],"reflux":[13,78,199],"disease":[14],"(GERD),":[15],"these":[16],"persist":[18],"despite":[19,192],"treatment":[20,131,177],"daily":[22],"proton":[23],"pump":[24],"inhibitor":[25],"(PPI)":[26],"therapy.":[27,89,134],"The":[28],"may":[30,56,82],"be":[31],"characterized":[32],"as":[33,60,62,144,146],"typical":[34],"(eg,":[35,41],"heartburn":[36],"or":[37,39,44,76],"regurgitation)":[38],"atypical":[40],"chest":[42],"pain":[43],"cough).":[45],"These":[46],"refractory":[47,113,218],"symptoms,":[48,100],"which":[49],"are":[50],"frequently":[51],"encountered":[52],"in":[53,115],"clinical":[54],"practice,":[55],"GERD":[59,70,99],"well":[61,145],"non-GERD":[63],"etiologies.":[64],"Among":[65],"those":[66],"objective":[69],"proven":[71,119],"on":[72,122],"esophagogastroduodenoscopy":[73],"(EGD)":[74],"and/":[75],"ambulatory":[77],"testing,":[79],"approximately":[80],"one-fifth":[81],"manifest":[83],"suboptimal":[84],"symptom":[85],"response":[86],"PPI":[88,133,179,193],"After":[90],"introducing":[91],"the":[92,106,116,160],"initial":[93],"evaluation":[94],"this":[101],"article":[102,207],"discusses":[103,209],"approaches":[104,211],"esophageal":[107,153,165],"diagnostic":[108],"workup":[109],"setting":[117],"GERD,":[120,219],"focusing":[121],"EGD,":[123],"high-resolution":[124],"manometry":[125],"(HRM),":[126],"and":[127,141,163,224],"pH-impedance":[128,174],"monitoring":[129,175],"during":[130,176],"EGD":[135],"evaluates":[136],"for":[137,212],"esophagitis,":[138],"peptic":[139],"stricture,":[140],"hiatal":[142],"hernia,":[143],"eosinophilic":[147],"esophagitis.":[148],"HRM":[149],"rules":[150],"out":[151],"confounding":[152],"motor":[154],"disorders,":[155,158],"identifies":[156],"behavioral":[157],"characterizes":[159],"antireflux":[161,172],"barrier,":[162],"assesses":[164],"contractile":[166],"reserve":[167],"help":[169,182],"tailor":[170],"potential":[171,210],"interventions.":[173],"therapy":[180,194],"can":[181],"distinguish":[183],"between":[184],"PPI-refractory":[185],"GERD-as":[186],"evidenced":[187],"by":[188],"pathologic":[189],"acid":[190],"exposure":[191],"and/or":[195],"excess":[196],"burden":[197],"events":[200],"regardless":[201],"acidity-and":[203],"PPI-controlled":[204],"GERD.":[205],"This":[206],"also":[208],"stemming":[216],"encompassing":[220],"lifestyle,":[221],"pharmacologic,":[222],"endoscopic,":[223],"surgical":[225],"management":[226],"options.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}