{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203512028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","title":"A low power and high speed approximate adder for image processing applications","display_name":"A low power and high speed approximate adder for image processing applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203512028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","mag":"3203512028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36909/jer.10037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","pdf_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/10037/2255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219973","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","issn_l":"2307-1877","issn":["2307-1877","2307-1885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/10037/2255","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070315832","display_name":"G. Narmadha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. Narmadha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anna University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anna University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048439706","display_name":"S. Deivasigamani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Deivasigamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Fatima Michael College of Engg. & Tech","Department of EEE, Sethu Institute of Technology *"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Fatima Michael College of Engg. & Tech","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, Sethu Institute of Technology *","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011156984","display_name":"K. Balasubadra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Balasubadra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Fatima Michael College of Engg. & Tech","Department of EEE, Sethu Institute of Technology *"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Fatima Michael College of Engg. & Tech","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, Sethu Institute of Technology *","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039272420","display_name":"Mr.Selvaraj M","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33585257","display_name":"Anna University, Chennai","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhf1r47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Selvaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anna University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anna University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039272420","https://openalex.org/A5070315832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33585257"],"apc_list":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"150","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-adders","display_name":"approximate adders","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-design","display_name":"low power design","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-speed-arithmetic-circuits","display_name":"high-speed arithmetic circuits","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing-hardware","display_name":"image processing hardware","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"image compression","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"fault tolerance","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/area-delay-power-tradeoff","display_name":"area-delay-power tradeoff","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing-architecture","display_name":"digital signal processing architecture","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"power consumption","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.9754225015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7689602971076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.5367110967636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5038630366325378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3227080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046770","display_name":"Carry-save adder","level":4,"score":0.4964154362678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.43643978238105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4309846758842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4206988513469696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3461671471595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3447962999343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3222278654575348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32165950536727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30346643924713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1831369400024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1270368993282318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10276645421981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36909/jer.10037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","pdf_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/10037/2255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219973","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","issn_l":"2307-1877","issn":["2307-1877","2307-1885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36909/jer.10037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36909/jer.10037","pdf_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/10037/2255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219973","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","issn_l":"2307-1877","issn":["2307-1877","2307-1885"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203512028.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203512028.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005652364","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2017819499","https://openalex.org/W2128065014","https://openalex.org/W2139978032","https://openalex.org/W2159229333","https://openalex.org/W2568360271","https://openalex.org/W2578985517","https://openalex.org/W2734481664","https://openalex.org/W2738060292","https://openalex.org/W2746964810","https://openalex.org/W2773871951","https://openalex.org/W2799868928","https://openalex.org/W2898361759","https://openalex.org/W2974716363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414293842","https://openalex.org/W4367182864","https://openalex.org/W4284896568","https://openalex.org/W4377234829","https://openalex.org/W4312319870","https://openalex.org/W4414462945","https://openalex.org/W7167795762","https://openalex.org/W2799132243","https://openalex.org/W3043004183","https://openalex.org/W4416944508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"power":[1,61,77,119,127],"is":[2,130],"an":[3,55,122],"essential":[4],"requirement":[5],"for":[6,92,172],"suitable":[7],"multimedia":[8,22],"devices,":[9],"image":[10,147],"compression":[11],"techniques":[12],"utilizing":[13],"several":[14],"signal":[15,46],"processing":[16,47,148],"architectures":[17],"and":[18,62,76,96,118,126,152,162,174],"algorithms.":[19],"In":[20,44,101],"numerous":[21],"applications,":[23,149],"human":[24],"beings":[25],"are":[26,39,111,157,166],"able":[27],"to":[28,42],"congregate":[29],"practical":[30],"information":[31],"from":[32],"somewhat":[33],"erroneous":[34],"outputs.":[35],"Therefore,":[36],"exact":[37],"outputs":[38,156],"not":[40,158],"necessary":[41],"produce.":[43],"Digital":[45],"system,":[48],"adders":[49,110,165],"play":[50],"a":[51,90],"vital":[52],"role":[53],"as":[54,73,89],"arithmetic":[56],"module":[57],"in":[58,145],"fixing":[59],"the":[60,66,80,93,115,134,138,154],"area":[63,175],"utilization":[64,78],"of":[65,84,98,106],"system.":[67],"The":[68,160],"trade":[69],"off":[70],"parameters":[71],"such":[72],"area,":[74,116],"time":[75,173],"also":[79],"fault":[81],"tolerance":[82],"environment":[83],"few":[85],"applications":[86],"have":[87],"employed":[88],"base":[91],"adverse":[94],"development":[95],"use":[97],"approximate":[99,109,164],"adders.":[100,140],"this":[102],"paper,":[103],"various":[104,146],"types":[105],"existing":[107,139,161],"adders,":[108],"analyzed":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114],"delay":[117],"consumption.":[120],"Also":[121],"approximate,":[123],"high":[124],"speed":[125],"efficient":[128],"adder":[129],"proposed":[131,163],"which":[132],"yields":[133],"better":[135],"performance":[136],"than":[137],"It":[141],"can":[142],"be":[143],"used":[144],"data":[150],"mining":[151],"where":[153],"accurate":[155],"needed.":[159],"simulated":[167],"by":[168,182],"using":[169,183],"Xilinx":[170],"ISE":[171],"utilization.":[176],"Power":[177],"simulation":[178],"has":[179],"been":[180],"done":[181],"Microwind":[184],"Software.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}
