{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203414769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","title":"Towards Automated Moderation: Enabling Toxic Language Detection with Transfer Learning and Attention-Based Models","display_name":"Towards Automated Moderation: Enabling Toxic Language Detection with Transfer Learning and Attention-Based Models","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203414769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","mag":"3203414769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195248","display_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","issn_l":"1530-1605","issn":["1530-1605","2572-6862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063296077","display_name":"Matthew Caron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-5434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-5434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Caron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paderborn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paderborn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069784506","display_name":"Frederik Simon B\u00e4umer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-0144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-0144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203082224","display_name":"Hochschule Bielefeld","ror":"https://ror.org/00edvg943","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203082224"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederik S. B\u00e4umer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203082224"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083295397","display_name":"Oliver M. M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-8691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-8691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paderborn University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paderborn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3203,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50315212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-language-detection","display_name":"toxic language detection","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech","display_name":"hate speech","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-content-moderation","display_name":"automated content moderation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-learning","display_name":"transfer learning","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"transformer models","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-models","display_name":"attention-based models","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-harassment","display_name":"online harassment","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-generated-content","display_name":"user-generated content","score":0.9610000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7292953729629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.6420347690582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5964338183403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.48781946301460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32529717683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24669745564460754}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195248","display_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","issn_l":"1530-1605","issn":["1530-1605","2572-6862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisel.aisnet.org:hicss-55-1095","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/hicss-55/cl/text_analytics/5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30879505","display_name":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems","issn_l":"1536-9323","issn":["1536-9323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321080","host_organization_name":"Association for Information Systems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321080"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Information Systems"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2022 (HICSS-55)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu:10125/79428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/79428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401722","display_name":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","host_organization_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195248","display_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","issn_l":"1530-1605","issn":["1530-1605","2572-6862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48654245","https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1529097724","https://openalex.org/W1579838312","https://openalex.org/W2002645541","https://openalex.org/W2068511562","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2119769989","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2175082661","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2560267416","https://openalex.org/W2564933006","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2741065173","https://openalex.org/W2775461895","https://openalex.org/W2798812533","https://openalex.org/W2885185669","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2921848006","https://openalex.org/W2972463128","https://openalex.org/W2979736514","https://openalex.org/W2981478815","https://openalex.org/W2982222442","https://openalex.org/W2989767613","https://openalex.org/W2990851546","https://openalex.org/W2991020115","https://openalex.org/W3011385529","https://openalex.org/W3011574394","https://openalex.org/W3013027210","https://openalex.org/W3093080381","https://openalex.org/W3134636647","https://openalex.org/W3135901773","https://openalex.org/W3135911006","https://openalex.org/W4212944777","https://openalex.org/W4300849630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921426713","https://openalex.org/W3179282934","https://openalex.org/W2976731213","https://openalex.org/W3192799006","https://openalex.org/W4285304202","https://openalex.org/W2981478815","https://openalex.org/W4321248116","https://openalex.org/W7163205082","https://openalex.org/W3123044186","https://openalex.org/W7203825254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0,100],"world":[1,13],"is":[2],"more":[3],"connected":[4,12],"than":[5],"ever":[6],"before.":[7],"Sadly,":[8],"however,":[9],"this":[10,37,81,92,127],"highly":[11],"has":[14],"made":[15],"it":[16],"easier":[17],"to":[18,44,51,152,154],"bully,":[19],"insult,":[20],"and":[21,31,53,60,97,111,147],"propagate":[22],"hate":[23,52],"speech":[24],"on":[25,66],"the":[26,40,58,72,117,141,156],"cyberspace.":[27],"Even":[28],"though":[29],"researchers":[30],"companies":[32],"alike":[33],"have":[34],"started":[35],"investigating":[36],"real-world":[38],"problem,":[39],"question":[41],"remains":[42],"as":[43,148],"why":[45],"users":[46],"are":[47],"increasingly":[48],"being":[49],"exposed":[50],"discrimination":[54],"online.":[55],"In":[56],"fact,":[57],"noticeable":[59],"persistent":[61],"increase":[62],"in":[63,80,94],"harmful":[64],"language":[65,122],"social":[67],"media":[68],"platforms":[69],"indicates":[70],"that":[71,85,103],"situation":[73],"is,":[74],"actually,":[75],"only":[76],"getting":[77],"worse.":[78],"Hence,":[79],"work,":[82],"we":[83,130],"show":[84],"contemporary":[86],"ML":[87],"methods":[88,110],"can":[89,115],"help":[90],"tackle":[91],"challenge":[93],"an":[95],"accurate":[96],"cost-effective":[98],"manner.":[99],"experiments":[101],"demonstrate":[102],"a":[104,135,149,158],"universal":[105,128],"approach":[106,137],"combining":[107],"transfer":[108],"learning":[109],"state-of-the-art":[112],"Transformer":[113],"architectures":[114],"trigger":[116],"efficient":[118],"development":[119],"of":[120,139,144],"toxic":[121],"detection":[123],"models.":[124],"Consequently,":[125],"with":[126,134],"approach,":[129],"provide":[131],"platform":[132],"providers":[133],"simplistic":[136],"capable":[138],"enabling":[140],"automated":[142],"moderation":[143],"user-generated":[145],"content,":[146],"result,":[150],"hope":[151],"contribute":[153],"making":[155],"web":[157],"safer":[159],"place.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}