{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203377841","doi":null,"title":"Lung Disease in Central Appalachia: It's More than Coal Dust that Drives Disparities.","display_name":"Lung Disease in Central Appalachia: It's More than Coal Dust that Drives Disparities.","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203377841","mag":"3203377841","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34602885","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8461577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8461577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yale J Biol Med","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023272807","display_name":"Claire Leilani DeBolt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-095X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-095X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire L DeBolt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082297631","display_name":"Chad Brizendine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chad Brizendine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090392858","display_name":"Margaret M. Tomann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-0453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0120-0453"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret M Tomann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stone Mountain Health Services, Black Lung Clinic Program, St. Charles, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stone Mountain Health Services, Black Lung Clinic Program, St. Charles, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066928119","display_name":"Drew A. Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-7017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-7017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew A Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","Stone Mountain Health Services, Black Lung Clinic Program, St. Charles, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stone Mountain Health Services, Black Lung Clinic Program, St. Charles, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5842,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95180159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"3","first_page":"477","last_page":"486"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14107","display_name":"Appalachian Local History","score":0.6563000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14107","display_name":"Appalachian Local History","score":0.6563000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.09610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11026","display_name":"Occupational and environmental lung diseases","score":0.0357000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-disease","display_name":"lung disease","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-appalachia","display_name":"Central Appalachia","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"coal mining","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-dust-exposure","display_name":"coal dust exposure","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-hazards","display_name":"occupational hazards","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-exposure","display_name":"environmental exposure","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-inequality","display_name":"educational inequality","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use","display_name":"substance use","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.9340000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.6773183345794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778364519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2858595","display_name":"Appalachia","level":2,"score":0.6544098258018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5467827916145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.5250047445297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5018932819366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4607904851436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.4419185519218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4417906105518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.4233623445034027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40847399830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3973584473133087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3183259963989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15097877383232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001061","descriptor_name":"Appalachian Region","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003031","descriptor_name":"Coal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004391","descriptor_name":"Dust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008171","descriptor_name":"Lung Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8461577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yale J Biol Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7375217","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8461577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34602885","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34602885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Yale journal of biology and medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:3203377841","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8461577/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61392201","display_name":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0044-0086","issn":["0044-0086","1551-4056"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315739","host_organization_name":"Yale University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315739","https://openalex.org/P4310315589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Yale University Press","Yale University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8461577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8461577/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yale J Biol Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203377841.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3203377841.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1819227664","https://openalex.org/W1972077710","https://openalex.org/W1974107204","https://openalex.org/W1978729564","https://openalex.org/W1988302728","https://openalex.org/W2019987336","https://openalex.org/W2023080089","https://openalex.org/W2025984481","https://openalex.org/W2044903647","https://openalex.org/W2073863993","https://openalex.org/W2076050661","https://openalex.org/W2078559152","https://openalex.org/W2090319477","https://openalex.org/W2102304063","https://openalex.org/W2123325237","https://openalex.org/W2127606804","https://openalex.org/W2128222565","https://openalex.org/W2133027206","https://openalex.org/W2140306520","https://openalex.org/W2142347558","https://openalex.org/W2142474367","https://openalex.org/W2156192422","https://openalex.org/W2160007107","https://openalex.org/W2167026704","https://openalex.org/W2181957461","https://openalex.org/W2510121093","https://openalex.org/W2596379857","https://openalex.org/W2605160212","https://openalex.org/W2620858584","https://openalex.org/W2756534096","https://openalex.org/W2792088641","https://openalex.org/W2884743202","https://openalex.org/W2899154252","https://openalex.org/W2904808248","https://openalex.org/W2943547228","https://openalex.org/W2984270693","https://openalex.org/W3006083527","https://openalex.org/W3015670566","https://openalex.org/W3021762638","https://openalex.org/W3025937663","https://openalex.org/W3094918022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7058234408","https://openalex.org/W3109201134","https://openalex.org/W4375949091","https://openalex.org/W2337171557","https://openalex.org/W3084628546","https://openalex.org/W3081543118","https://openalex.org/W2730144938","https://openalex.org/W6939407205","https://openalex.org/W6939483298","https://openalex.org/W6902158490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"population":[1],"living":[2],"in":[3,15,39,70,88,129],"Central":[4,95],"Appalachia":[5],"is":[6,13,25,31],"disproportionately":[7],"impacted":[8],"by":[9,17],"lung":[10,37],"disease.":[11],"This":[12,42],"driven,":[14],"part,":[16],"occupational":[18],"hazards":[19],"and":[20,53,59,83,112,139,157,164,168],"environmental":[21,140],"exposures.":[22],"However,":[23,132],"it":[24],"more":[26],"than":[27],"coal":[28,50],"dust":[29],"that":[30,102],"driving":[32],"the":[33,40,46,49,71,98,130,166],"ongoing":[34],"disparity":[35],"of":[36,48,56,120,147,170],"disease":[38],"region.":[41,72,131],"review":[43,99],"describes":[44,100],"how":[45],"decline":[47],"mine":[51],"industry":[52],"subsequent":[54],"rise":[55],"unemployment,":[57],"poverty,":[58],"educational":[60],"disparities":[61],"have":[62],"increased":[63],"risk":[64],"for":[65,154],"worse":[66],"pulmonary":[67,92,126],"health":[68,93,108,127,148,167],"outcomes":[69,128],"Additional":[73],"challenges":[74,134],"related":[75,135],"to":[76,91,105,136,161],"healthcare":[77,111],"access,":[78],"substance":[79],"use,":[80],"cultural":[81],"characteristics,":[82],"social":[84,145],"capital":[85],"are":[86,115],"highlighted":[87,116],"their":[89],"relation":[90],"within":[94],"Appalachia.":[96],"Lastly,":[97],"strategies":[101],"hold":[103],"promise":[104],"reduce":[106],"regional":[107],"disparities.":[109],"Several":[110],"community-centered":[113],"initiatives":[114],"as":[117],"successful":[118],"examples":[119],"collaborative":[121],"efforts":[122],"working":[123],"towards":[124],"improving":[125],"significant":[133],"social,":[137],"economic,":[138],"factors":[141],"remain.":[142],"Addressing":[143],"these":[144],"determinants":[146],"must":[149],"be":[150],"a":[151],"paramount":[152],"concern":[153],"healthcare,":[155],"community":[156],"political":[158],"leaders":[159],"seeking":[160],"impact":[162],"change":[163],"improve":[165],"well-being":[169],"this":[171],"vulnerable":[172],"population.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}