{"id":"https://openalex.org/W32032729","doi":null,"title":"The photophysics and photochemistry of aromatic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds used as UVA sunscreens","display_name":"The photophysics and photochemistry of aromatic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds used as UVA sunscreens","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W32032729","mag":"32032729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:4503","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070711014","display_name":"Catherine Jane Coultous","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Jane Coultous","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070711014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11129","display_name":"Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies","score":0.5878999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11129","display_name":"Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies","score":0.5878999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.33230000734329224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11708","display_name":"Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry","score":0.04809999838471413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dibenzoylmethane","display_name":"dibenzoylmethane","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photophysical-properties","display_name":"photophysical properties","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photochemistry","display_name":"photochemistry","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intramolecular-hydrogen-bonding","display_name":"intramolecular hydrogen bonding","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triplet-energy","display_name":"triplet energy","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"fluorescence","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorescence","display_name":"phosphorescence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-yield","display_name":"quantum yield","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777588596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5272260","display_name":"Dibenzoylmethane","level":2,"score":0.8789587020874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777495281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408053","display_name":"Enol","level":3,"score":0.7478035688400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.7466357946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181817918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192275","display_name":"Phosphorescence","level":3,"score":0.6631787419319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779539111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426296","display_name":"Diketone","level":2,"score":0.5573997497558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5491452813148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5351003408432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.473730206489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191274033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332829","display_name":"Absorption band","level":2,"score":0.45656877756118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2642343044281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2024478018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.09501892328262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:4503","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","pdf_url":"https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.dur.ac.uk:4503","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4503/","pdf_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:32032729","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/theses/ETH/313557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.dur.ac.uk:4503","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4503/","pdf_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4503/1/4503_1967.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402363","display_name":"Durham e-Theses (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4241240591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF-2018-12365527","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321781","funder_display_name":"Ministero della Salute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6629480339","display_name":"Targeting Dopamine Neuronal Loss in a Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","funder_award_id":"AARG-18-566270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306219","funder_display_name":"Alzheimer's Association"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306123","display_name":"FRAXA Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/050apvm78"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306219","display_name":"Alzheimer's Association","ror":"https://ror.org/0375f4d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321781","display_name":"Ministero della Salute","ror":"https://ror.org/00789fa95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322823","display_name":"Fondazione Umberto Veronesi","ror":"https://ror.org/041g7jm83"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W32032729.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W32032729.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082924378","https://openalex.org/W1991378387","https://openalex.org/W2795601154","https://openalex.org/W2064778177","https://openalex.org/W2013039720","https://openalex.org/W2002143716","https://openalex.org/W4412154147","https://openalex.org/W2804951831","https://openalex.org/W15024038","https://openalex.org/W2020879853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UV":[0],"radiation":[1],"can":[2,161,179],"cause":[3],"harmful":[4],"effects":[5],"to":[6,20,119,137,155,223,270,325,377,457,512],"human":[7],"skin,":[8],"including":[9],"premature":[10],"skin":[11,14],"ageing":[12],"and":[13,78,86,97,102,158,177,188,200,217,237,298,433,468],"cancer.":[15],"Historically,":[16],"sunscreens":[17,36,43,549],"were":[18],"developed":[19],"filter":[21],"out":[22],"UVB":[23],"(290":[24],"nm-320":[25],"nm),":[26,176],"but":[27],"now":[28],"the":[29,53,76,94,142,148,184,194,198,203,218,250,258,271,279,283,302,328,345,361,387,395,398,417,423,431,469,473,477,505,565,568],"importance":[30],"of":[31,51,65,80,100,126,141,152,167,197,202,241,255,260,273,282,286,305,349,365,389,397,411,419,425,436,472,489,538,567,571],"UVA":[32,42],"(320":[33],"nm-400":[34],"nm)":[35],"is":[37,56,257,276,323,334,392,440,481,510,532,578],"realised.":[38],"The":[39,63,123,164,339,466,487],"most":[40,54],"common":[41,55],"are":[44,522],"based":[45],"on":[46,253,288,332,508],"dibenzoylmethane":[47],"(1,3-diphenyl":[48],"propan-l,3-dione,":[49],"DBM),":[50],"which":[52,112,454],"Parsol":[57,82,84,103],"1789":[58],"(4'-":[59],"methoxy":[60],"4'-tertiarybutyl":[61],"DBM).":[62],"photochemistry":[64,79,488,506],"these":[66],"materials":[67],"has,":[68],"however,":[69],"been":[70,90,207,247,296,309,358,375,495,502,562],"poorly":[71],"understood.":[72],"In":[73,314],"this":[74,274,300,306,315,498,544],"work":[75,301,384,545],"photophysics":[77,239],"DBM,":[81],"1789,":[83],"DAM":[85],"ditertiarybutyl":[87],"DBM":[88,101,256,287,350,438,446,490,548,572],"have":[89,206,374],"studied,":[91],"along":[92],"with":[93,353,401,430,463,555],"respective":[95],"0-methylated":[96,209,437],"C-methylated":[98,230],"compounds":[99],"1789.DBMs":[104],"exist":[105,232],"primarily":[106],"as":[107,233,269,356],"an":[108,138,214,242,458],"intra-molecularly":[109],"bonded":[110,452,461],"enol,":[111,264,453],"absorbs":[113],"strongly":[114],"at":[115,133,170,174,371,443],"\u03bb\u2248340":[116],"nm":[117],"due":[118,136],"a":[120,130,234,261,336,449,523,533],"\u03c0,\u03c0*":[121,219],"transition.":[122],"absorption":[124,150,220],"spectra":[125],"DBMs":[127,153,168,204,210,231],"also":[128,295,342,494,561],"exhibit":[129],"smaller":[131],"peak":[132],"\u03bb\u2248250":[134],"nm,":[135],"n,\u03c0*":[139],"transition":[140],"diketone":[143,185,235,284],"content.":[144],"At":[145],"low":[146,171,412,444],"temperature":[147,373,413,445,470],"main":[149,251],"band":[151,221],"shifts":[154],"longer":[156],"wavelengths":[157,225],"vibrational":[159],"structure":[160,272],"be":[162,180,378],"observed.":[163],"enol":[165,189,347,367,403,462,474],"form":[166,285,348,351],"fluorescence":[169],"temperature,":[172],"(v(_0)\u2019\u2192v\u2019\u2019(_0)":[173],"\u03bb\u2248385":[175],"phosphorescence":[178],"observed":[181,514],"from":[182],"both":[183],"(\u03bb(_em)\u2248495":[186],"nm,)":[187],"forms":[190,448],"(\u03bb(_em)\u2248425":[191],"nm).":[192],"Thus":[193],"triplet":[195],"energies":[196],"diketones":[199],"enols":[201],"studied":[205,496],"measured.":[208],"do":[211],"not":[212],"possess":[213],"intra-molecular":[215],"H-bond,":[216],"falls":[222],"lower":[224],"than":[226,483],"for":[227,526],"chelated":[228,402],"DBMs.":[229],"structure,":[236],"display":[238],"typical":[240],"aromatic":[243],"ketone.":[244],"It":[245,500,559],"has":[246,294,308,357,493,501,560],"suggested":[248,441],"that":[249,327,344,386,442,479,504,513,519,547,564],"process":[252,307],"irradiation":[254,290,333,509],"formation":[259,368,415],"short-lived":[262,329],"non-chelated":[263,337,346,366],"however":[265,543],"no":[266],"direct":[267,317],"evidence":[268,322],"species":[275,330,485,536],"reported":[277],"in":[278,291,299,360,369,491,497,515,574],"literature.":[280,362],"Formation":[281],"prolonged":[289],"acetonitrile":[292],"solution":[293],"reported,":[297],"quantum":[303,556],"yield":[304],"measured;":[310],"\u0278\u22480.01":[311],"\u00b1":[312],"0.004.":[313],"work,":[316],"(low":[318],"temperature)":[319],"IR":[320,409],"spectroscopic":[321],"presented":[324],"prove":[326],"produced":[331],"indeed":[335],"enol.":[338],"infra-red":[340],"studies":[341,410],"suggest":[343],"complexes":[352],"polar":[354],"solvents,":[355],"proposed":[359],"Quantum":[363],"yields":[364,557],"cyclohexane":[370],"room":[372],"measured":[376],"approximately":[379,581],"\u0278=0.5":[380],"+":[381],"0.07.":[382],"This":[383,517],"indicates":[385,518],"rate":[388],"transient":[390,399,407,414,420],"decay":[391],"enhanced":[393],"by":[394,422,553],"interaction":[396,418],"molecules":[400,404,421],"or":[405],"other":[406],"molecules.":[408],"confirm":[416],"observation":[424],"inter-molecular":[426],"hydrogen-bonding.":[427],"By":[428],"comparison":[429],"E":[432],"Z":[434],"isomers":[435],"it":[439],"initially":[447],"Z-cis":[450],"non-hydrogen":[451,460],"then":[455],"converts":[456],"E-trans":[459],"further":[464],"irradiation.":[465],"kinetics":[467],"variation":[471],"recovery":[475],"support":[476],"theory":[478],"there":[480],"more":[482],"one":[484],"formed.":[486],"emulsions":[492],"work.":[499],"shown":[503,563],"occurring":[507],"similar":[511],"solutions.":[516],"simple":[520],"solutions":[521],"good":[524],"model":[525],"actual":[527],"sunscreen":[528],"formulations.":[529],"Singlet":[530],"oxygen":[531,552,576],"highly":[534],"reactive":[535],"capable":[537],"causing":[539],"serious":[540],"biological":[541],"damage,":[542],"shows":[546],"generate":[550],"singlet":[551,575],"photosensitisation,":[554],"\u0278\u2206\u22480.005-0.01.":[558],"lifetime":[566],"excited":[569],"state":[570],"involved":[573],"production":[577],"very":[579],"short,":[580],"\u03c4":[582],"<1":[583],"\u00b5s.":[584]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}