{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202998329","doi":null,"title":"Zero-Knowledge Middleboxes.","display_name":"Zero-Knowledge Middleboxes.","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202998329","mag":"3202998329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3202998329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1022.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042881560","display_name":"Paul Grubbs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-5956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-5956"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Grubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083289974","display_name":"Arasu Arun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1009-2365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1009-2365"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arasu Arun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1009-2365","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449356","display_name":"Ye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-1420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-1420"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-1420","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057053404","display_name":"Joseph Bonneau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-0145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-0145"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Bonneau","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-0145","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059954552","display_name":"Michael Walfish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1776-6418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1776-6418"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Walfish","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1776-6418","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"1022","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.16439999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proofs","display_name":"zero-knowledge proofs","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encrypted-traffic","display_name":"encrypted traffic","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-policy-enforcement","display_name":"network policy enforcement","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tls-1-3","display_name":"TLS 1.3","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-middleboxes","display_name":"network middleboxes","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.6716949939727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6482719779014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5296815633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18892371654510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.06740036606788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.038351625204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3202998329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1022.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/307521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11343/307521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"USENIX Security","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606533171","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1828150029","https://openalex.org/W1950989567","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W2005625871","https://openalex.org/W2067700169","https://openalex.org/W2088478514","https://openalex.org/W2111663915","https://openalex.org/W2166670067","https://openalex.org/W2271099719","https://openalex.org/W2355550369","https://openalex.org/W2404353777","https://openalex.org/W2611357843","https://openalex.org/W2725135237","https://openalex.org/W2726576305","https://openalex.org/W2740612841","https://openalex.org/W2747712973","https://openalex.org/W2788417557","https://openalex.org/W2800360140","https://openalex.org/W2883244996","https://openalex.org/W2894806357","https://openalex.org/W2915352631","https://openalex.org/W2938945952","https://openalex.org/W2954625838","https://openalex.org/W2977627479","https://openalex.org/W2978599067","https://openalex.org/W2982474429","https://openalex.org/W2982588734","https://openalex.org/W2990120385","https://openalex.org/W3004414681","https://openalex.org/W3048910271","https://openalex.org/W3083633640","https://openalex.org/W3086424741","https://openalex.org/W3115741917","https://openalex.org/W3152615333","https://openalex.org/W3165771813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400489838","https://openalex.org/W4392566359","https://openalex.org/W4412537097","https://openalex.org/W2947108274","https://openalex.org/W7204954417","https://openalex.org/W2734594077","https://openalex.org/W7166866057","https://openalex.org/W4312573762","https://openalex.org/W2487561892","https://openalex.org/W3120138765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"initiates":[2],"research":[3],"on":[4,19,170],"zero-knowledge":[5,26,76,173],"middleboxes":[6],"(ZKMBs).":[7],"A":[8],"ZKMB":[9,86],"is":[10,31,100,108,139,154,181],"a":[11,68,109,118,125,130,152],"network":[12,16],"middlebox":[13,25,110],"that":[14,28,42,95,111],"enforces":[15],"usage":[17],"policies":[18],"encrypted":[20],"traffic.":[21],"Clients":[22],"send":[23],"the":[24,38,46,85,122,136,158,171],"proofs":[27,34,77],"their":[29],"traffic":[30],"policy-compliant;":[32],"these":[33],"reveal":[35],"nothing":[36],"about":[37],"client\u2019s":[39],"communication":[40],"except":[41],"it":[43],"complies":[44],"with":[45,55,129],"policy.":[47],"We":[48,83],"show":[49],"how":[50],"to":[51,65,88,150,164],"make":[52],"ZKMBs":[53,63],"work":[54],"unmodified":[56],"encrypted-communication":[57],"protocols":[58],"(specifically":[59],"TLS":[60,79,127],"1.3),":[61],"making":[62],"invisible":[64],"servers.":[66],"As":[67],"contribution":[69],"of":[70,104,142,167,183],"independent":[71],"interest,":[72],"we":[73],"design":[74],"optimized":[75],"for":[78,177],"1.3":[80],"session":[81],"keys.":[82],"apply":[84],"paradigm":[87],"several":[89,155],"case":[90],"studies.":[91],"Experimental":[92],"results":[93],"suggest":[94],"in":[96,101],"certain":[97],"settings,":[98],"performance":[99],"striking":[102],"distance":[103],"practicality;":[105],"an":[106],"example":[107],"filters":[112],"domain":[113],"queries":[114],"(each":[115],"query":[116],"requiring":[117],"separate":[119],"proof)":[120],"when":[121],"client":[123,148],"has":[124],"long-lived":[126],"connection":[128],"DNS":[131],"resolver.":[132],"In":[133],"such":[134],"configurations,":[135],"middlebox\u2019s":[137],"overhead":[138],"2\u20135":[140],"ms":[141],"running":[143],"time":[144],"per":[145],"proof,":[146],"and":[147,176],"latency":[149,180],"create":[151],"proof":[153,174],"seconds.":[156,184],"On":[157],"other":[159],"hand,":[160],"clients":[161],"may":[162],"have":[163],"store":[165],"hundreds":[166],"MBs":[168],"depending":[169],"underlying":[172],"machinery,":[175],"some":[178],"applications,":[179],"tens":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}