{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202867831","doi":null,"title":"Partitioning a Vocabulary's IS-A Hierarchy into Trees","display_name":"Partitioning a Vocabulary's IS-A Hierarchy into Trees","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202867831","mag":"3202867831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3202867831","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchwith.njit.edu/en/publications/partitioning-a-vocabularys-is-a-hierarchy-into-trees-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105836405","display_name":"Huanying Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9510-6696","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9510-6696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanying Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Inst. of Technology#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Inst. of Technology#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077648725","display_name":"Yehoshua Perl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehoshua Perl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070654032","display_name":"James Geller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-525X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-525X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Geller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040065844","display_name":"Michael H Halper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47449453","display_name":"Kean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzzqn13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Halper","raw_affiliation_strings":["KEAN UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KEAN UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47449453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085160284","display_name":"James J. Cimino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-1622","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-1622"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Cimino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-1622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015816530","display_name":"Mansnimar Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansnimar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["CHREF, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CHREF, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4332,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4332},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27960926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"630","last_page":"634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-medical-vocabulary","display_name":"controlled medical vocabulary","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/is-a-hierarchy","display_name":"is-a hierarchy","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-decomposition","display_name":"tree decomposition","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-terminology","display_name":"medical terminology","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.901056170463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.8675307035446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8237910866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6776556968688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110615152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469824","display_name":"Controlled vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6012142896652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5243608951568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5038906931877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4766027331352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.4730086624622345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4664223790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41645175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.14467108249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.14307120442390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07699567079544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06179499626159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3202867831","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchwith.njit.edu/en/publications/partitioning-a-vocabularys-is-a-hierarchy-into-trees-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129839026","display_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","issn_l":"1067-5027","issn":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989811317","https://openalex.org/W1526500261","https://openalex.org/W2806060374","https://openalex.org/W182839085","https://openalex.org/W2416279099","https://openalex.org/W136402540","https://openalex.org/W2131312439","https://openalex.org/W2146098587","https://openalex.org/W1483969569","https://openalex.org/W2058682186"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Controlled":[0],"medical":[1,10],"vocabularies":[2,16],"are":[3,17],"useful":[4],"in":[5,87],"application":[6],"areas":[7],"such":[8,15],"as":[9],"information-systems":[11],"and":[12,19,21],"decision-support.":[13],"However,":[14],"large":[18],"complex,":[20],"working":[22],"with":[23,59,89],"them":[24],"can":[25],"be":[26],"daunting.":[27],"It":[28],"is":[29,57,79,94],"important":[30],"to":[31,38,61],"provide":[32],"a":[33,45,49,70,80,85,97,101],"means":[34],"for":[35,47,74],"orienting":[36],"users":[37],"the":[39,62,76,90],"vocabulary's":[40,63],"contents.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"introduces":[44],"methodology":[46,93],"partitioning":[48,56],"vocabulary":[50],"into":[51],"small,":[52],"meaningful":[53],"pieces.":[54],"The":[55,66,92],"done":[58],"respect":[60],"IS-A":[64,77],"hierarchy.":[65],"methodology,":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69,96],"set":[71],"of":[72,100],"rules":[73],"refining":[75],"hierarchy,":[78],"process":[81],"carried":[82],"out":[83],"by":[84],"user":[86],"conjunction":[88],"computer.":[91],"demonstrated":[95],"complex":[98],"portion":[99],"vocabulary.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}