{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202814950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","title":"Operational Models, Drivers\u2019 Compensation, and Bus Service Quality in Bangkok","display_name":"Operational Models, Drivers\u2019 Compensation, and Bus Service Quality in Bangkok","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202814950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","mag":"3202814950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132817738","display_name":"Engineering Journal","issn_l":"0125-8281","issn":["0125-8281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319385","host_organization_name":"Chulalongkorn University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319385"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chulalongkorn University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067067570","display_name":"Apiwat Ratanawaraha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-5609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-5609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apiwat Ratanawaraha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028794985","display_name":"Saksith Chalermpong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-6127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-6127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saksith Chalermpong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Chulalongkorn University , Patumwan , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand","Transportation Institute and","Transportation Institute and Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering , Chulalongkorn University , Patumwan , Bangkok 10330 , Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Institute and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Institute and Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028794985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9209,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76322996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"85","last_page":"85"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-service-quality","display_name":"bus service quality","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-safety","display_name":"bus safety","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-incentives","display_name":"driver incentives","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-model","display_name":"operational model","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passenger-complaints","display_name":"passenger complaints","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bus-crashes","display_name":"bus accidents","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-fatigue","display_name":"driver fatigue","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.9020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7187448143959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.6224086880683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5472977161407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5079324841499329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4589375853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4505050480365753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44971051812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40541815757751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3865433931350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23222526907920837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.17114222049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0697212815284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.03458082675933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132817738","display_name":"Engineering Journal","issn_l":"0125-8281","issn":["0125-8281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319385","host_organization_name":"Chulalongkorn University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319385"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chulalongkorn University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.161.200.80.171:article/4100","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://engj.eng.chula.ac.th/index.php/ej/article/view/4100","pdf_url":"https://engj.eng.chula.ac.th/index.php/ej/article/download/4100/1102","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400133","display_name":"Engineering Journal (Chulalongkorn University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","host_organization_name":"Chulalongkorn University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"0125-8281","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.engj.org:article/4100","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://engj.org/index.php/ej/article/view/4100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400133","display_name":"Engineering Journal (Chulalongkorn University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I158708052","host_organization_name":"Chulalongkorn University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158708052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal; Vol. 25 No. 3 (2021): Regular Issue; 85-94","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2021.25.3.85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132817738","display_name":"Engineering Journal","issn_l":"0125-8281","issn":["0125-8281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319385","host_organization_name":"Chulalongkorn University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319385"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chulalongkorn University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.875},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7825999855995178},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4943999946117401}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321557","display_name":"Chulalongkorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/028wp3y58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202814950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202814950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W563169617","https://openalex.org/W657745097","https://openalex.org/W788493094","https://openalex.org/W802359998","https://openalex.org/W1503442724","https://openalex.org/W1771984190","https://openalex.org/W1882789655","https://openalex.org/W1996997718","https://openalex.org/W2089105702","https://openalex.org/W2167274712","https://openalex.org/W2233719544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515743475","https://openalex.org/W2023512519","https://openalex.org/W4289593160","https://openalex.org/W3202703584","https://openalex.org/W2890882338","https://openalex.org/W4399859745","https://openalex.org/W3081133583","https://openalex.org/W7100300462","https://openalex.org/W2971410160","https://openalex.org/W3115356582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"how":[3],"operational":[4],"models":[5],"and":[6,15,20,41,68,92,104,113,140,156,162],"compensation":[7,29,91,103,124,161],"methods":[8,125],"are":[9,57],"associated":[10],"with":[11,36,65,88],"bus":[12,17,27,42,53,149],"drivers'":[13,28,102,160],"incentives":[14],"consequently":[16],"service":[18,154],"quality":[19,155],"safety":[21,78,157],"in":[22,55],"Bangkok.We":[23],"crossanalyze":[24],"data":[25,37],"on":[26,38,52,116],"collected":[30],"from":[31,45],"a":[32],"structured":[33],"interview":[34],"survey":[35],"passenger":[39,72],"complaints":[40,73],"accidents":[43,54,64],"compiled":[44],"governmental":[46],"databases.Recognizing":[47],"that":[48,81,147],"the":[49,60,75,95,108,148],"official":[50],"statistics":[51],"Bangkok":[56],"undercounted,":[58],"as":[59,74],"government":[61],"includes":[62],"only":[63],"severe":[66],"damages":[67],"injuries,":[69],"we":[70],"use":[71],"proxy":[76],"for":[77],"levels.We":[79],"find":[80],"private":[82,98,119],"joint-service":[83],"operators":[84,99,120],"provide":[85],"their":[86],"drivers":[87,127],"far":[89],"less":[90],"benefits":[93],"than":[94],"state-owned":[96],"operator.The":[97],"also":[100],"tie":[101],"benefit":[105],"levels":[106],"to":[107,128,152],"numbers":[109],"of":[110],"working":[111,163],"hours":[112,131],"trips,":[114],"especially":[115],"routes":[117],"where":[118],"can":[121],"compete":[122],"freely.These":[123],"incentivize":[126],"work":[129],"long":[130],"beyond":[132],"what":[133],"is":[134,146],"permitted":[135],"by":[136],"law,":[137],"inducing":[138],"fatigue":[139],"potential":[141],"accidents.The":[142],"key":[143],"policy":[144,150],"implication":[145],"aiming":[151],"improve":[153,159],"should":[158],"conditions.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}