{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202531906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","title":"Does Training and Development Impact the Employee Performance or another Ritual","display_name":"Does Training and Development Impact the Employee Performance or another Ritual","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202531906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","mag":"3202531906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","pdf_url":"https://nokspublishing.com/index.php/AJMSS/article/download/11/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204941","display_name":"Applied Journal of Economics Management and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2811-1613","issn":["2811-1613"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://nokspublishing.com/index.php/AJMSS/article/download/11/6","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035300636","display_name":"Ndidi Nwali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ndidi Nwali","raw_affiliation_strings":["a:1:{s:5:\"en_US\";s:31:\"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka\";}","a:1:{s:5:\"en_US\"","s:31:\"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka\""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a:1:{s:5:\"en_US\";s:31:\"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka\";}","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"a:1:{s:5:\"en_US\"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"s:31:\"Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka\"","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080671653","display_name":"Moses Adekunle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126541806","display_name":"Lagos State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01za8fg18","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses Adekunle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lagos state University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lagos state University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126541806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82995951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-development","display_name":"human resource development","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-job-training","display_name":"on-the-job training","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-the-job-training","display_name":"off-the-job training","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-motivation","display_name":"employee motivation","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-development","display_name":"skill development","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagos","display_name":"Lagos","score":0.9440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.7352302670478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6935047507286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6535301804542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777132934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348960","display_name":"Training and development","level":2,"score":0.6163627505302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5760594606399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5531519651412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993788525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348960","display_name":"Employee development","level":2,"score":0.5435762405395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.523556649684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.5232112407684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.46209827065467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45055603981018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87858587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative research","level":2,"score":0.42171716690063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985243512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491300","display_name":"Business environment","level":2,"score":0.41777801513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.40934300422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1674347221851349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14273852109909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178550888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043282","display_name":"Business administration","level":1,"score":0.12047085165977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10618484020233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07648149132728577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","pdf_url":"https://nokspublishing.com/index.php/AJMSS/article/download/11/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204941","display_name":"Applied Journal of Economics Management and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2811-1613","issn":["2811-1613"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.nokspublishing.com:article/11","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nokspublishing.com/index.php/AJMSS/article/view/11","pdf_url":"https://www.nokspublishing.com/index.php/AJMSS/article/download/11/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204941","display_name":"Applied Journal of Economics Management and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2811-1613","issn":["2811-1613"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.53790/ajmss.v2i1","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.11","pdf_url":"https://nokspublishing.com/index.php/AJMSS/article/download/11/6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204941","display_name":"Applied Journal of Economics Management and Social Sciences","issn_l":"2811-1613","issn":["2811-1613"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202531906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202531906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560082457","https://openalex.org/W1577766374","https://openalex.org/W2085325210","https://openalex.org/W2138731346","https://openalex.org/W2160058091","https://openalex.org/W2183236355","https://openalex.org/W2403112137","https://openalex.org/W2494040287","https://openalex.org/W2790049001","https://openalex.org/W2794049276","https://openalex.org/W2890811553","https://openalex.org/W3004745342","https://openalex.org/W3101478287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169518423","https://openalex.org/W3004745342","https://openalex.org/W7218589044","https://openalex.org/W7221248369","https://openalex.org/W7161011781","https://openalex.org/W4386688801","https://openalex.org/W7139998444","https://openalex.org/W4309704929","https://openalex.org/W13408129","https://openalex.org/W4399339182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today\u2019s":[0],"competitive":[1],"business":[2,15,35],"environment":[3],"requires":[4],"that":[5,133,146],"for":[6,165],"organizations":[7],"to":[8,28,43,57],"survive":[9],"the":[10,14,17,32,38,47,55,60,64,76,91,94,96,153,157,166],"fierce":[11],"competition":[12],"in":[13,111,127],"environment,":[16],"organization":[18,65],"must":[19],"invest":[20],"heavily":[21],"on":[22,31,82],"human":[23],"resources":[24],"training":[25,69,79,138,147],"and":[26,45,52,70,80,104,123,136,145,148],"development":[27,81,149],"stay":[29],"up-to-date":[30],"best":[33],"industry":[34],"practices":[36],"across":[37],"globe.":[39],"One":[40],"such":[41],"way":[42],"improve":[44],"increase":[46],"available":[48],"skill":[49,154],"sets,":[50],"knowledge,":[51],"capabilities":[53],"of":[54,63,78,93,120,156,163],"employee":[56,83,143],"meet":[58],"all":[59],"important":[61],"needs":[62],"customers":[66],"is":[67],"through":[68],"development.":[71],"Thus,":[72],"this":[73],"study":[74,131],"evaluates":[75],"impacts":[77],"performance":[84,144],"using":[85],"quantitative":[86,99],"research":[87,97,100,107],"methods.":[88],"To":[89],"achieve":[90],"objectives":[92],"study,":[95],"a":[98,105,161],"design":[101],"was":[102,109],"employed,":[103],"questionnaire":[106],"instrument":[108],"used":[110],"collecting":[112],"relevant":[113],"data":[114],"from":[115],"either":[116],"owners":[117],"or":[118],"managers":[119],"260":[121],"Small":[122],"Medium":[124],"Scale":[125],"Enterprises":[126],"Lagos":[128],"Nigeria.":[129],"The":[130],"concludes":[132],"both":[134],"off-the-job":[135],"on-the-job":[137],"are":[139],"effective":[140],"towards":[141],"improving":[142],"not":[150],"only":[151],"improves":[152],"set":[155],"employees":[158],"but":[159],"also":[160],"source":[162],"motivation":[164],"employees.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}