{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202054466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","title":"On- and Off-Farm Diversification and Travel Time to Markets: Linkages to Food Security in Rural Ethiopia","display_name":"On- and Off-Farm Diversification and Travel Time to Markets: Linkages to Food Security in Rural Ethiopia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202054466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","mag":"3202054466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104805611","display_name":"European Journal of Development Research","issn_l":"0957-8811","issn":["0957-8811","1743-9728"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European Journal of Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057792900","display_name":"Sven Bergau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Bergau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088313162","display_name":"Tim K. Loos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-9039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-9039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095035","display_name":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit","ror":"https://ror.org/00q08t645","country_code":"DE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095035"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim K. Loos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 13, 53113, Bonn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 13, 53113, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014346877","display_name":"Orkhan Sariyev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-2667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-2667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Orkhan Sariyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-2667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014346877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"fwci":0.8881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79741515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"5","first_page":"2543","last_page":"2560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.8817999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.8817999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.04859999939799309,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14269","display_name":"Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics","score":0.03189999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-diversification","display_name":"farm diversification","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-farm-diversification","display_name":"off-farm diversification","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-dietary-diversity","display_name":"household dietary diversity","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-diversity","display_name":"production diversity","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-farm-income","display_name":"off-farm income","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-participation","display_name":"market participation","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-ethiopia","display_name":"rural Ethiopia","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrition-security","display_name":"nutrition security","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.8199591040611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.818329393863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.6636306047439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5805550217628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.577995777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018403216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108898813","display_name":"Dietary diversity","level":4,"score":0.5411587953567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5161045789718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777481183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770787","display_name":"Market access","level":3,"score":0.513938844203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5126215815544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4937768876552582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.4441795349121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128383755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336","display_name":"Agricultural productivity","level":3,"score":0.43372124433517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22344907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4693955","display_name":"Agricultural diversification","level":3,"score":0.42062029242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74893574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5465532","display_name":"Food systems","level":4,"score":0.41563665866851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5465509","display_name":"Food policy","level":4,"score":0.4118773937225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.41186562180519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88199923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627371","display_name":"Food processing","level":2,"score":0.41172724962234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3618314862251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2347845733165741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.18539923429489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1182340681552887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.07868203520774841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104805611","display_name":"European Journal of Development Research","issn_l":"0957-8811","issn":["0957-8811","1743-9728"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European Journal of Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:34:y:2022:i:5:d:10.1057_s41287-021-00475-0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/287657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10419/287657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/s41287-021-00475-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104805611","display_name":"European Journal of Development Research","issn_l":"0957-8811","issn":["0957-8811","1743-9728"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319702","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319702","https://openalex.org/P4310319964"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Macmillan Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The European Journal of Development Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3108279148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"602066.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7814047344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZE 502/1-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311402","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317464","display_name":"International Fine Particle Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf2bt40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202054466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202054466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157392704","https://openalex.org/W1649266877","https://openalex.org/W1976696458","https://openalex.org/W1995687533","https://openalex.org/W2014662044","https://openalex.org/W2025338496","https://openalex.org/W2026837460","https://openalex.org/W2045798036","https://openalex.org/W2051326920","https://openalex.org/W2058876519","https://openalex.org/W2058900792","https://openalex.org/W2060074075","https://openalex.org/W2063887155","https://openalex.org/W2069403281","https://openalex.org/W2078112771","https://openalex.org/W2081421309","https://openalex.org/W2088669732","https://openalex.org/W2099219408","https://openalex.org/W2099520293","https://openalex.org/W2116167515","https://openalex.org/W2120469525","https://openalex.org/W2134628674","https://openalex.org/W2136332263","https://openalex.org/W2137529542","https://openalex.org/W2140964565","https://openalex.org/W2145522730","https://openalex.org/W2173044948","https://openalex.org/W2208963700","https://openalex.org/W2277468194","https://openalex.org/W2279058721","https://openalex.org/W2301862746","https://openalex.org/W2417072837","https://openalex.org/W2512968620","https://openalex.org/W2515600722","https://openalex.org/W2532660647","https://openalex.org/W2593227714","https://openalex.org/W2773225405","https://openalex.org/W2802682056","https://openalex.org/W2892805134","https://openalex.org/W2908915021","https://openalex.org/W3081284543","https://openalex.org/W3122071650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3179436513","https://openalex.org/W4403682242","https://openalex.org/W4307086041","https://openalex.org/W2950959731","https://openalex.org/W4412202844","https://openalex.org/W4211171906","https://openalex.org/W7118746173","https://openalex.org/W2736310703","https://openalex.org/W2909382916","https://openalex.org/W2784689876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Food":[1],"insecurity":[2],"persists":[3],"in":[4],"large":[5],"parts":[6],"of":[7,62],"Ethiopia.":[8],"Recent":[9],"literature":[10],"suggests":[11],"that":[12,97],"both":[13],"on-farm":[14,85],"and":[15,38,84,92,100,123,134],"off-farm":[16],"diversification,":[17],"as":[18,20,33],"well":[19],"access":[21],"to":[22,80,106,114,130],"agricultural":[23],"markets,":[24,81,115],"may":[25],"help":[26],"improve":[27],"household":[28,90],"dietary":[29],"diversity":[30,48,87,99,122],"scores":[31],"(HDDS)":[32],"an":[34],"indicator":[35],"for":[36,50],"food":[37,91,116],"nutrition":[39,93],"security.":[40,94],"While":[41],"the":[42,51,77],"HDDS":[43],"is":[44,118],"frequently":[45],"used,":[46],"a":[47,59],"score":[49],"production":[52,86,98],"side":[53],"has":[54],"rarely":[55],"been":[56],"applied":[57],"at":[58],"comparable":[60],"level":[61],"(dis-)aggregation.":[63],"Employing":[64],"socio-economic":[65],"data":[66],"collected":[67],"covering":[68],"400":[69],"Ethiopian":[70],"smallholder":[71],"farmers,":[72],"this":[73],"study":[74],"investigates":[75],"how":[76],"travel":[78,112],"time":[79,113],"non-farm":[82,102],"income,":[83],"associate":[88],"with":[89],"Findings":[95],"suggest":[96],"higher":[101],"income":[103],"are":[104],"linked":[105],"more":[107],"diverse":[108],"diets.":[109],"With":[110],"longer":[111],"consumption":[117],"less":[119],"varied.":[120],"Production":[121],"increased":[124],"market":[125],"participation":[126],"do":[127],"not":[128],"appear":[129],"be":[131,137],"mutually":[132],"exclusive,":[133],"thus,":[135],"should":[136],"considered":[138],"equally":[139],"when":[140],"developing":[141],"policy":[142],"interventions.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}