{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202019803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","title":"Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview","display_name":"Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications: A Short Overview","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202019803","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","mag":"3202019803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ceramics4040039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/4/39/pdf?version=1632831118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235895","display_name":"Ceramics","issn_l":"2571-6131","issn":["2571-6131"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ceramics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/4/39/pdf?version=1632831118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083798398","display_name":"Elisa Fiume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-7807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-7807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisa Fiume","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031791900","display_name":"Giulia Magnaterra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Magnaterra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044699104","display_name":"Abbas Rahdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-9214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-9214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112450260","display_name":"Zabol University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d9mz263","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112450260"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rahdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-9214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112450260"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020199782","display_name":"Enrica Vern\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-4739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-4739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrica Vern\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-4739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049585743","display_name":"Francesco Baino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-0497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-0497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Baino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-0497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049585743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1296},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1296},"fwci":12.826,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":346,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99635164,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"542","last_page":"563"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10059","display_name":"Bone Tissue Engineering Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10512","display_name":"Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyapatite","display_name":"hydroxyapatite","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-phosphate","display_name":"calcium phosphate","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-regeneration","display_name":"bone regeneration","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-grafting","display_name":"bone grafting","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-sized-bone-defects","display_name":"critical-size bone defect","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-porous-scaffolds","display_name":"3D porous scaffolds","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trabecular-bone-microarchitecture","display_name":"trabecular bone microarchitecture","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-bearing-implants","display_name":"load-bearing implants","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility","display_name":"biocompatibility","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradability","display_name":"biodegradability","score":0.8830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.7618671655654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.537688136100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5307068228721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49745896458625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4215455651283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776337968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814234","display_name":"Bone grafting","level":2,"score":0.419833779335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778606738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Bone tissue","level":2,"score":0.4161759614944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.40550944209098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.2340604066848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19202479720115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.184215247631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.1263454556465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11145046353340149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ceramics4040039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/4/39/pdf?version=1632831118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235895","display_name":"Ceramics","issn_l":"2571-6131","issn":["2571-6131"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ceramics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.polito.it:11583/2937032","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2937032","pdf_url":"https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2937032/1/Review%20HAp_Ceramics%202021.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055329","display_name":"PORTO@Iris","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b3f7f0c60d21450e87993ddcf02e69ca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b3f7f0c60d21450e87993ddcf02e69ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ceramics, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 542-563 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ceramics4040039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/4/39/pdf?version=1632831118","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235895","display_name":"Ceramics","issn_l":"2571-6131","issn":["2571-6131"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ceramics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202019803.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202019803.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68911136","https://openalex.org/W984349014","https://openalex.org/W1516640325","https://openalex.org/W1969428150","https://openalex.org/W1969738633","https://openalex.org/W1969794321","https://openalex.org/W1971339046","https://openalex.org/W1973060516","https://openalex.org/W1992149060","https://openalex.org/W2004194677","https://openalex.org/W2004233102","https://openalex.org/W2007661484","https://openalex.org/W2016071121","https://openalex.org/W2017174795","https://openalex.org/W2022346732","https://openalex.org/W2022641082","https://openalex.org/W2027932939","https://openalex.org/W2031358447","https://openalex.org/W2032114675","https://openalex.org/W2039714634","https://openalex.org/W2043938559","https://openalex.org/W2046015998","https://openalex.org/W2049088257","https://openalex.org/W2051421762","https://openalex.org/W2052563823","https://openalex.org/W2054366940","https://openalex.org/W2055550070","https://openalex.org/W2064592505","https://openalex.org/W2065789030","https://openalex.org/W2070110667","https://openalex.org/W2071522072","https://openalex.org/W2072932315","https://openalex.org/W2081810914","https://openalex.org/W2084243000","https://openalex.org/W2087612626","https://openalex.org/W2088276542","https://openalex.org/W2089264492","https://openalex.org/W2095428179","https://openalex.org/W2106870893","https://openalex.org/W2121759431","https://openalex.org/W2121874606","https://openalex.org/W2127119921","https://openalex.org/W2132182564","https://openalex.org/W2137140584","https://openalex.org/W2140482574","https://openalex.org/W2141325361","https://openalex.org/W2144778146","https://openalex.org/W2159542442","https://openalex.org/W2162826951","https://openalex.org/W2166286451","https://openalex.org/W2166295634","https://openalex.org/W2239457380","https://openalex.org/W2261795419","https://openalex.org/W2336555755","https://openalex.org/W2518475848","https://openalex.org/W2556829350","https://openalex.org/W2580683704","https://openalex.org/W2601284383","https://openalex.org/W2605976672","https://openalex.org/W2618574163","https://openalex.org/W2737511447","https://openalex.org/W2754033650","https://openalex.org/W2776260541","https://openalex.org/W2793311063","https://openalex.org/W2891602891","https://openalex.org/W2896101504","https://openalex.org/W2904628345","https://openalex.org/W2912043101","https://openalex.org/W2944207755","https://openalex.org/W2948196852","https://openalex.org/W2967828159","https://openalex.org/W2969535285","https://openalex.org/W2985733372","https://openalex.org/W2990220722","https://openalex.org/W2995341222","https://openalex.org/W3003703757","https://openalex.org/W3034153390","https://openalex.org/W3062390035","https://openalex.org/W3135864141","https://openalex.org/W3144611161","https://openalex.org/W4247053737","https://openalex.org/W4248031042","https://openalex.org/W6684494884","https://openalex.org/W6738631651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2776260541","https://openalex.org/W7117889152","https://openalex.org/W7172217642","https://openalex.org/W2112231209","https://openalex.org/W2170901855","https://openalex.org/W2906072683","https://openalex.org/W7096200047","https://openalex.org/W2732736313","https://openalex.org/W4323835888","https://openalex.org/W2995224045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Calcium":[0],"phosphates":[1],"(CaPs)":[2],"are":[3],"biocompatible":[4],"and":[5,23,27,77,94,129,136],"biodegradable":[6],"materials":[7,108],"showing":[8,169],"a":[9,55,72,89,124],"great":[10],"promise":[11],"in":[12,31,80,107,116,134,137,143,163,176],"bone":[13,33,67],"regeneration":[14,30],"as":[15,58,85],"good":[16],"alternative":[17],"to":[18,25,40,43],"the":[19,44,62,81,98,102,111,121,140,144,152,164],"use":[20,82,175],"of":[21,47,66,75,83,101,113,126,146,155,166],"auto-":[22],"allografts":[24],"guide":[26],"support":[28],"tissue":[29],"critically-sized":[32],"defects.":[34],"This":[35,69],"can":[36],"be":[37],"certainly":[38],"attributed":[39],"their":[41,95],"similarity":[42],"mineral":[45],"phase":[46],"natural":[48],"bone.":[49],"Among":[50],"CaPs,":[51],"hydroxyapatite":[52],"(HA)":[53],"deserves":[54],"special":[56],"attention":[57],"it,":[59],"actually":[60],"is":[61],"main":[63],"inorganic":[64],"component":[65],"tissue.":[68],"review":[70],"offers":[71],"comprehensive":[73],"overview":[74],"past":[76],"current":[78],"trends":[79],"HA":[84],"grafting":[86],"material,":[87],"with":[88],"focus":[90],"on":[91,97],"manufacturing":[92],"strategies":[93],"effect":[96],"mechanical":[99,171],"properties":[100],"final":[103],"products.":[104],"Recent":[105],"advances":[106],"processing":[109],"allowed":[110],"production":[112],"HA-based":[114],"grafts":[115],"different":[117],"forms,":[118],"thus":[119],"meeting":[120],"requirements":[122],"for":[123,173],"range":[125],"clinical":[127],"applications":[128],"achieving":[130],"enthusiastic":[131],"results":[132],"both":[133],"vitro":[135],"vivo.":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"growing":[141],"interest":[142],"optimization":[145],"three-dimensional":[147],"(3D)":[148],"porous":[149],"grafts,":[150],"mimicking":[151],"trabecular":[153],"architecture":[154],"human":[156],"bone,":[157],"has":[158],"opened":[159],"up":[160],"new":[161],"challenges":[162],"development":[165],"bone-like":[167],"scaffolds":[168],"suitable":[170],"performances":[172],"potential":[174],"load":[177],"bearing":[178],"anatomical":[179],"sites.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00"}