{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201546005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596888","title":"Study of an infrared hybrid chalcogenide silicon lenses compatible with wafer-level manufacturing process for automotive applications","display_name":"Study of an infrared hybrid chalcogenide silicon lenses compatible with wafer-level manufacturing process for automotive applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201546005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596888","mag":"3201546005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2596888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407106907","display_name":"SPIE Optical Design and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Design and Engineering VIII","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03482668","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050133374","display_name":"Guillaume Druart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270448","display_name":"D\u00e9partement Optique et Techniques Associ\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/00q650t90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4405270448"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillaume Druart","raw_affiliation_strings":["ONERA (France)","DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONERA (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4405270448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080248124","display_name":"Florence DE LA BARRIERE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270448","display_name":"D\u00e9partement Optique et Techniques Associ\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/00q650t90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4405270448"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florence de la Barri\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":["ONERA (France)","DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONERA (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4405270448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010308483","display_name":"Jean-Baptiste Volatier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-6936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-6936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270448","display_name":"D\u00e9partement Optique et Techniques Associ\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/00q650t90","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4405270448"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Baptiste C. G. Volatier","raw_affiliation_strings":["ONERA (France)","DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONERA (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DOTA, ONERA, Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay [Palaiseau]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2801658355","https://openalex.org/I4405270448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021215042","display_name":"Elodie Tartas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elodie Tartas","raw_affiliation_strings":["LYNRED (France)","LYNRED"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LYNRED (France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LYNRED","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081670536","display_name":"Rapha\u00ebl Proux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9882-8380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9882-8380"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119561980","display_name":"Umicore (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zwdnt53","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rapha\u00ebl Proux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umicore IR Glass (France)","Umicore IR Glass"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umicore IR Glass (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umicore IR Glass","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012018115","display_name":"John W. Franks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119561980","display_name":"Umicore (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zwdnt53","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Franks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umicore IR Glass (France)","Umicore IR Glass"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umicore IR Glass (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umicore IR Glass","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002772092","display_name":"Susanne Ehret","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/05hkkdn48","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Ehret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer-Institute (Germany)","Fraunhofer"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer-Institute (Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91667512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"11871","issue":null,"first_page":"12","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-lenses","display_name":"infrared lenses","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chalcogenide-glasses","display_name":"chalcogenide glasses","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-thermography","display_name":"infrared thermography","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbolometer","display_name":"microbolometer","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel-pitch","display_name":"pixel pitch","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-yield","display_name":"production yield","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-field-of-view","display_name":"wide field of view","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photolithography","display_name":"photolithography","score":0.4959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.7744247913360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6940149068832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898920","display_name":"Chalcogenide","level":2,"score":0.6540180444717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.6467680931091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6182815432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5864872336387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5009498596191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49163442850112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987875673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing process","level":2,"score":0.48677492141723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.253536194562912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21630063652992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20456001162528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10639318823814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.056142330169677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2596888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407106907","display_name":"SPIE Optical Design and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optical Design and Engineering VIII","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03482668v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03482668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Optical Systems Design 2021, Sep 2021, Online, United States. pp.118710G, &#x27E8;10.1117/12.2596888&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/417137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/417137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03482668v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03482668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Optical Systems Design 2021, Sep 2021, Online, United States. pp.118710G, &#x27E8;10.1117/12.2596888&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98067389","https://openalex.org/W1977317763","https://openalex.org/W1999334560","https://openalex.org/W2002807736","https://openalex.org/W2014065233","https://openalex.org/W2017090993","https://openalex.org/W2035885266","https://openalex.org/W2043123047","https://openalex.org/W2056535917","https://openalex.org/W2068590493","https://openalex.org/W2081512027","https://openalex.org/W2165451293","https://openalex.org/W2394767450","https://openalex.org/W2465189211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281660905","https://openalex.org/W2084521993","https://openalex.org/W2075816008","https://openalex.org/W2946022045","https://openalex.org/W2058861144","https://openalex.org/W2030686808","https://openalex.org/W3192563326","https://openalex.org/W2376034400","https://openalex.org/W4413256328","https://openalex.org/W2037172614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"cameras":[1],"could":[2,154,171],"serve":[3],"automotive":[4,36],"applications":[5,42],"by":[6,61,121],"delivering":[7],"breakthrough":[8],"perception":[9],"systems":[10,89],"for":[11,35,39,55],"both":[12,108],"in-cabin":[13],"passengers":[14],"monitoring":[15],"and":[16,21,38,100,124,140,153,179],"car":[17],"surrounding.":[18],"However,":[19],"low-cost":[20],"high-throughput":[22],"manufacturing":[23],"methods":[24],"are":[25,57,68,111,125,136,160,233],"essential":[26],"to":[27,104,127,164,192,195,201,218,225],"sustain":[28],"the":[29,144,208,227],"growth":[30,47],"in":[31,102,138],"thermal":[32],"imaging":[33],"markets":[34],"applications,":[37],"other":[40,145],"close-to-consumer":[41],"which":[43],"have":[44,155],"a":[45,72,91,175,206,215,220],"fast":[46,187],"potential.":[48],"Fast":[49],"low":[50],"cost":[51,178],"infrared":[52],"lenses":[53,188,232],"suitable":[54,163],"microbolometers":[56,213],"currently":[58],"already":[59],"sold":[60],"companies":[62],"like":[63],"Umicore,":[64],"Lightpath,":[65],"FLIR\u2026":[66],"They":[67,159],"either":[69],"made":[70],"of":[71,79,94,107,212,230],"single":[73],"inverse":[74],"meniscus":[75],"Chalcogenide":[76,99,132,147],"glass":[77],"or":[78],"two":[80],"Silicon":[81,101,116],"optics.":[82],"In":[83,181],"this":[84,182],"paper,":[85,183],"we":[86,184],"explore":[87],"hybrid":[88,169,231],"with":[90,113,189],"large":[92],"field":[93],"view":[95],"around":[96],"40\u00b0":[97],"combining":[98],"order":[103],"take":[105],"advantage":[106],"materials.":[109],"Both":[110],"compatible":[112],"wafer-level":[114,198],"process.":[115],"optics":[117,148],"can":[118,149],"be":[119,128,150,172],"manufactured":[120],"photolithography":[122],"process":[123,199],"expected":[126],"more":[129,156,162],"cost-effective":[130],"than":[131],"ones.":[133],"However":[134],"they":[135],"constrained":[137],"shape":[139],"sag":[141],"height.":[142],"On":[143],"hand,":[146],"collectively":[151],"molded":[152],"free":[157],"shapes.":[158],"thus":[161],"reach":[165],"high-demanding":[166],"performance.":[167,180],"So":[168],"designs":[170],"seen":[173],"as":[174],"compromise":[176],"between":[177],"show":[185],"that":[186],"diameter":[190],"constraints":[191],"few":[193],"millimeters":[194],"make":[196],"affordable":[197],"lead":[200],"small":[202],"size":[203],"detectors.":[204],"As":[205],"consequence,":[207],"pixel":[209],"pitch":[210],"reduction":[211],"is":[214],"key":[216],"point":[217],"maintain":[219],"good":[221],"resolution.":[222],"Finally,":[223],"strategies":[224],"improve":[226],"production":[228],"yield":[229],"explored.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}
