{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200727544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691236919-005","title":"Chapter 3 The Thermal Stratification of the Extratropical Troposphere","display_name":"Chapter 3 The Thermal Stratification of the Extratropical Troposphere","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200727544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691236919-005","mag":"3200727544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/9780691236919-005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691236919-005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691236919-005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463805","display_name":"Princeton University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316492","host_organization_name":"Princeton University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Princeton University Press"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3026055735","display_name":"The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027937412","display_name":"Tapio Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-2287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5687-2287"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tapio Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027937412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97558386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.22750000655651093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.1160999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stratification","display_name":"thermal stratification","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropopause","display_name":"tropopause","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-stability","display_name":"static stability","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratosphere","display_name":"stratosphere","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-geostrophic-theory","display_name":"quasi-geostrophic theory","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-troposphere","display_name":"free troposphere","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72319357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063457","display_name":"Extratropical cyclone","level":2,"score":0.8619104623794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993031579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298837","display_name":"Thermal stratification","level":3,"score":0.6669993996620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.6515627503395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192943249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893382","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","level":5,"score":0.5134342908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5001773834228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.46000128984451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.373147189617157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.354865700006485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1971348226070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1784277856349945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.040084272623062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105824904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849599","display_name":"Thermocline","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267","display_name":"Dormancy","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2397491","display_name":"Seed dormancy","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/9780691236919-005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691236919-005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691236919-005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463805","display_name":"Princeton University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316492","host_organization_name":"Princeton University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Princeton University Press"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:70668","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160929-131829928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"mag:191103559","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://authors.library.caltech.edu/70668/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463805","display_name":"Princeton University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316492","host_organization_name":"Princeton University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316492"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Princeton University Press"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Princeton University Press eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963761634","https://openalex.org/W1967329175","https://openalex.org/W1967999190","https://openalex.org/W1973920877","https://openalex.org/W1979796863","https://openalex.org/W1983312526","https://openalex.org/W1988127102","https://openalex.org/W1994671984","https://openalex.org/W1998724683","https://openalex.org/W1999881248","https://openalex.org/W1999935492","https://openalex.org/W2003390939","https://openalex.org/W2007074215","https://openalex.org/W2015119684","https://openalex.org/W2016557460","https://openalex.org/W2017092428","https://openalex.org/W2018259129","https://openalex.org/W2024950537","https://openalex.org/W2029855251","https://openalex.org/W2034229949","https://openalex.org/W2037019036","https://openalex.org/W2040221902","https://openalex.org/W2059590658","https://openalex.org/W2061162232","https://openalex.org/W2061607463","https://openalex.org/W2063888301","https://openalex.org/W2068011901","https://openalex.org/W2071051205","https://openalex.org/W2071789129","https://openalex.org/W2074255580","https://openalex.org/W2086044846","https://openalex.org/W2090249381","https://openalex.org/W2090649993","https://openalex.org/W2101076991","https://openalex.org/W2102256082","https://openalex.org/W2106037941","https://openalex.org/W2111527511","https://openalex.org/W2118401570","https://openalex.org/W2121938119","https://openalex.org/W2125241820","https://openalex.org/W2127219140","https://openalex.org/W2129629920","https://openalex.org/W2148875945","https://openalex.org/W2154740019","https://openalex.org/W2165026909","https://openalex.org/W2173803954","https://openalex.org/W2174335611","https://openalex.org/W2213305380","https://openalex.org/W2247550095","https://openalex.org/W2508100462","https://openalex.org/W2600945661","https://openalex.org/W3104928454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201249331","https://openalex.org/W2494776438","https://openalex.org/W4232196478","https://openalex.org/W2484741103","https://openalex.org/W4245414714","https://openalex.org/W3200423929","https://openalex.org/W3086502470","https://openalex.org/W2480073316","https://openalex.org/W3199616095","https://openalex.org/W2483713015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,8,13,20,26,44,65,87,90,100,102,114,117,120],"dynamical":[4],"mechanisms":[5],"responsible":[6],"for":[7,34],"maintenance":[9],"and":[10,17,37,55,92],"variability":[11],"of":[12,31,67,76],"extratropical":[14],"thermal":[15,70],"stratification":[16,71],"tropopause":[18],"in":[19,43,72,89,93,97,106],"zonal":[21],"mean.":[22],"Figure":[23],"3.1":[24],"shows":[25],"zonal-mean":[27,40],"temperature":[28],"lapse":[29,41,78,103],"rate":[30,42,79,104],"Earth\u2019s":[32],"atmosphere":[33],"boreal":[35],"winter":[36],"summer.":[38],"The":[39],"free":[45],"troposphere":[46,118],"is":[47],"relatively":[48],"uniform":[49],"(about":[50],"6.5":[51],"K":[52],"km^(\u22121)":[53],")":[54],"varies":[56],"only":[57],"weakly":[58],"with":[59],"season":[60],"\u2014":[61],"observations":[62],"that":[63],"motivated":[64],"assumption":[66],"a":[68],"fixed":[69],"quasigeostrophic":[73],"theory.":[74],"Regions":[75],"smaller":[77],"(statically":[80],"more":[81,121],"stable":[82],"stratification)":[83],"are":[84],"seen":[85],"near":[86],"surface":[88],"subtropics":[91],"high":[94],"latitudes,":[95],"particularly":[96],"winter.":[98],"At":[99],"tropopause,":[101],"decreases,":[105],"many":[107],"regions":[108],"to":[109,119],"zero":[110],"or":[111],"less,":[112],"marking":[113],"transition":[115],"from":[116],"stably":[122],"stratified":[123],"stratosphere.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}