{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200225514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","title":"Observation, Experiment, and Scientific Practice","display_name":"Observation, Experiment, and Scientific Practice","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200225514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","mag":"3200225514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148888956","display_name":"International Studies in the Philosophy of Science","issn_l":"0269-8595","issn":["0269-8595","1469-9281"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies in the Philosophy of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008422570","display_name":"Slobodan Perovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-4105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-4105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Slobodan Perovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of Belgrade"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Belgrade","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008422570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94781653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":0.13120000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observation","display_name":"observation","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiments","display_name":"experimentation","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-practice","display_name":"scientific practice","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ian-hacking","display_name":"Ian Hacking","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-responsibility","display_name":"epistemic responsibility","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-funding","display_name":"research funding","score":0.8820000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6835799813270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.4632623791694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.40297842025756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.32097989320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.26334917545318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22010484337806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10149669647216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2021.1978038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148888956","display_name":"International Studies in the Philosophy of Science","issn_l":"0269-8595","issn":["0269-8595","1469-9281"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Studies in the Philosophy of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:reff.f.bg.ac.rs:123456789/3313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://reff.f.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402465","display_name":"Faculty of Philosophy (University of Belgrade)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","host_organization_name":"University of Belgrade","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Studies in the Philosophy of Science","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322729","display_name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","ror":"https://ror.org/01znas443"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017470614","https://openalex.org/W2038453214","https://openalex.org/W2047837609","https://openalex.org/W2067182092","https://openalex.org/W2070205124","https://openalex.org/W2077965610","https://openalex.org/W2346062342","https://openalex.org/W2565125620","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2616757602","https://openalex.org/W3008757550","https://openalex.org/W3093865034","https://openalex.org/W3162439866","https://openalex.org/W4233644010","https://openalex.org/W4234304074","https://openalex.org/W4254644716","https://openalex.org/W4297809426","https://openalex.org/W4298839654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2346062342","https://openalex.org/W2375183007","https://openalex.org/W2622665597","https://openalex.org/W628276133","https://openalex.org/W4405028359","https://openalex.org/W2489984118","https://openalex.org/W1537768875","https://openalex.org/W7046714577","https://openalex.org/W2109601757","https://openalex.org/W4299819607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ian":[0],"Hacking":[1],"has":[2],"argued":[3],"that":[4,53,71,81],"the":[5,15,88,91,97],"notions":[6],"of":[7,18,43,90,93],"experiment":[8,57],"and":[9,58,68,103,106],"observation":[10,59],"are":[11],"distinct,":[12],"not":[13],"even":[14],"opposite":[16],"ends":[17],"a":[19,41,48,61],"continuum.":[20],"More":[21],"recently,":[22],"other":[23],"authors":[24],"have":[25],"emphasised":[26],"their":[27,104],"continuity,":[28],"saying":[29],"it":[30,80],"is":[31],"futile":[32],"to":[33],"distinguish":[34],"between":[35],"them":[36],"as":[37,74,76],"they":[38],"belong":[39],"on":[40,79,96],"continuum":[42,98],"epistemic":[44,101],"activities.":[45],"I":[46,86],"take":[47],"middle":[49],"road":[50],"by":[51],"suggesting":[52],"in":[54],"scientific":[55,84],"practice,":[56],"constitute":[60],"continuum,":[62],"but":[63],"we":[64],"can":[65],"identify":[66],"methodological":[67],"pragmatic":[69],"aspects":[70],"define":[72],"it,":[73],"well":[75],"various":[77],"points":[78],"meaningfully":[82],"delineate":[83],"practices.":[85],"explain":[87],"implications":[89],"location":[92],"research":[94],"projects":[95],"for":[99],"scientists\u2019":[100],"responsibilities":[102],"ethical":[105],"funding":[107],"concerns.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}