{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199150545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","title":"Submerged fermentation improves bioactivity of mulberry fruits and leaves","display_name":"Submerged fermentation improves bioactivity of mulberry fruits and leaves","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199150545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","mag":"3199150545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36119358","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9476717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764755576","display_name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","issn_l":"1674-6384","issn":["1674-6384","2589-3610"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3199150545"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023497170","display_name":"Hui Qian Chuah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927443849","display_name":"Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03b3zvp63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Qian Chuah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017934214","display_name":"Pei Ling Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-6617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-6617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927443849","display_name":"Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03b3zvp63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pei Ling Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060623501","display_name":"Ni Jing Ang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927443849","display_name":"Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03b3zvp63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni Jing Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002684349","display_name":"Hui Yin Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-7730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6018-7730"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927443849","display_name":"Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03b3zvp63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Yin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017934214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"],"apc_list":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1200},"fwci":1.61,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78443003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"565","last_page":"572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.48829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.48829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12385","display_name":"Food Quality and Safety Studies","score":0.15760000050067902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mulberry","display_name":"mulberry","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submerged-fermentation","display_name":"submerged fermentation","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactiplantibacillus-plantarum","display_name":"Lactobacillus plantarum","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-yeast","display_name":"red yeast","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-activity","display_name":"antioxidant activity","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-activity","display_name":"anti-inflammatory activity","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemic-activity","display_name":"hypoglycemic activity","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-amylase-inhibition","display_name":"\u03b1-amylase inhibition","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-phenolic-content","display_name":"total phenolic content","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthocyanins","display_name":"anthocyanins","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-foods","display_name":"functional foods","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutraceuticals","display_name":"nutraceuticals","score":0.9670000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.8203340768814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.7929955720901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.7618443965911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7345654368400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780857362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827455","display_name":"Lipoxygenase","level":3,"score":0.47493818402290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777580618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421982","display_name":"Reducing sugar","level":3,"score":0.46681901812553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.44448283314704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778985185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756682","display_name":"Lactobacillus plantarum","level":4,"score":0.4238201379776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777108408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11002","display_name":"Sugar","level":2,"score":0.3607839345932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775920511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Lactic acid","level":3,"score":0.27671533823013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.23792296648025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.18545183539390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17847126722335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.10147807002067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764755576","display_name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","issn_l":"1674-6384","issn":["1674-6384","2589-3610"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9476717","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9476717/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9476717/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chin Herb Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:36119358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36119358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese herbal medicines","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764755576","display_name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","issn_l":"1674-6384","issn":["1674-6384","2589-3610"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chinese Herbal Medicines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321398","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199150545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199150545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12993720","https://openalex.org/W90233520","https://openalex.org/W939662741","https://openalex.org/W1195155422","https://openalex.org/W1974885009","https://openalex.org/W1974939617","https://openalex.org/W1978409566","https://openalex.org/W2000901540","https://openalex.org/W2014035029","https://openalex.org/W2025834910","https://openalex.org/W2028633279","https://openalex.org/W2031406182","https://openalex.org/W2046159590","https://openalex.org/W2054907330","https://openalex.org/W2056783845","https://openalex.org/W2067702486","https://openalex.org/W2091137098","https://openalex.org/W2103231607","https://openalex.org/W2139975712","https://openalex.org/W2148796055","https://openalex.org/W2163047678","https://openalex.org/W2164322299","https://openalex.org/W2298175946","https://openalex.org/W2329684737","https://openalex.org/W2416202585","https://openalex.org/W2439569675","https://openalex.org/W2462280247","https://openalex.org/W2521335702","https://openalex.org/W2530157596","https://openalex.org/W2553571275","https://openalex.org/W2571467670","https://openalex.org/W2591883889","https://openalex.org/W2616814930","https://openalex.org/W2617263055","https://openalex.org/W2733790434","https://openalex.org/W2765929901","https://openalex.org/W2770041712","https://openalex.org/W2777817927","https://openalex.org/W2781699768","https://openalex.org/W2789945262","https://openalex.org/W2801179267","https://openalex.org/W2804503900","https://openalex.org/W2811461097","https://openalex.org/W2833292702","https://openalex.org/W2845362540","https://openalex.org/W2887382252","https://openalex.org/W2951017846","https://openalex.org/W2953932849","https://openalex.org/W2967632204","https://openalex.org/W2967885221","https://openalex.org/W2981526185","https://openalex.org/W2982122899","https://openalex.org/W2993524130","https://openalex.org/W2998636950","https://openalex.org/W3008330784","https://openalex.org/W3010321130","https://openalex.org/W3012439555","https://openalex.org/W3013096211","https://openalex.org/W3024415089","https://openalex.org/W3027363550","https://openalex.org/W3044468164","https://openalex.org/W3081607437","https://openalex.org/W3082314938","https://openalex.org/W3085242825","https://openalex.org/W3093445094","https://openalex.org/W3129035366","https://openalex.org/W3200905470","https://openalex.org/W6771642598"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080295593","https://openalex.org/W4417226921","https://openalex.org/W4404373301","https://openalex.org/W6941399334","https://openalex.org/W7167367000","https://openalex.org/W7134043443","https://openalex.org/W7160069562","https://openalex.org/W4281253575","https://openalex.org/W4387037220","https://openalex.org/W7161952153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mulberry":[0],"(Morus":[1],"spp.)":[2],"fruits":[3,22],"and":[4,17,24,44,49,63,66,69,82,105,136,154,165,170,187,199,221,230,252,269,290],"leaves":[5,25],"have":[6],"been":[7],"proven":[8],"to":[9,14,39,77,91],"possess":[10],"nutraceutical":[11],"properties.":[12],"Due":[13],"its":[15],"fast":[16],"easy":[18],"growing":[19],"characteristics,":[20],"mulberry":[21],"(MF)":[23],"(ML)":[26],"potentially":[27],"emerge":[28],"as":[29],"a":[30],"great":[31],"source":[32],"of":[33,47,80,94,100,113,162,168,181,190,202,228,257,274,277,288],"functional":[34,295],"foods.":[35,296],"This":[36],"study":[37,279],"aims":[38],"enhance":[40],"bioactivities":[41,227],"(antioxidant,":[42],"anti-inflammation,":[43],"hypoglycemic":[45],"activity)":[46],"MF":[48,81,104,149,169,191,209,220,229,289],"ML":[50,83,106,142,171,203,222,231,291],"via":[51],"submerged":[52],"fermentation":[53,182,223,261],"using":[54],"bacteria":[55],"(Lactobacillus":[56],"plantarum":[57],"TAR":[58],"4),":[59],"yeast":[60,62],"(Baker\u2019s":[61],"red":[64],"yeast)":[65],"fungi":[67],"(Tempeh":[68],"Tapai":[70,260],"starter).":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,278],"study,":[74],"25%":[75],"(mass":[76,90],"volume":[78,92],"ratio)":[79,93],"were":[84,107,172,192,204,224,232],"fermented":[85],"(48":[86],"h)":[87],"with":[88,195],"1%":[89],"different":[95,101,217],"microbial":[96],"cultures,":[97],"respectively.":[98],"Effects":[99],"fermentations":[102],"on":[103,110,183],"determined":[108],"based":[109],"the":[111,179,213,226,264,284],"changes":[112],"total":[114,120],"phenolics":[115],"(TPC),":[116],"flavonoids":[117],"(TFC),":[118],"anthocyanins,":[119],"sugar,":[121],"DPPH":[122,164,265],"activity,":[123],"ferric":[124],"reducing":[125],"antioxidant":[126],"power":[127],"(FRAP),":[128],"albumin":[129],"denaturation":[130],"inhibition":[131,138],"activity":[132,135,139,156,167,189,201,254,273],"(ADI),":[133],"anti-lipoxygenase":[134,155,188,200,253],"\u03b1-amylase":[137],"(AI).":[140],"Generally,":[141],"had":[143],"higher":[144,151],"AI":[145,166,248],"than":[146,157],"MF.":[147,275],"However,":[148,178],"exhibited":[150],"DPPH,":[152],"FRAP":[153,198,245],"ML.":[158,196],"After":[159],"all":[160],"forms":[161],"fermentation,":[163],"increased":[173],"significantly":[174],"(P":[175],"<":[176],"0.05).":[177],"effects":[180,214],"TPC,":[184,197],"FRAP,":[185],"ADI":[186,270],"in":[193,208,219],"contrast":[194],"enhanced,":[205],"but":[206],"reduced":[207],"after":[210,235],"fermentation.":[211,236],"Although":[212],"exerted":[215],"by":[216,238],"microorganisms":[218],"different,":[225],"generally":[233],"improved":[234],"Fermentation":[237],"Tempeh":[239],"starter":[240],"enhanced":[241,263],"TPC":[242],"(by":[243,246,255,271],"2-fold),":[244],"2.3-fold),":[247],"(at":[249,266],"10%":[250],"increment)":[251,268],"5-fold)":[256],"ML,":[258],"whereas":[259],"effectively":[262],"17%":[267],"2-fold)":[272],"Findings":[276],"provide":[280],"an":[281],"insight":[282],"into":[283,293],"future":[285],"process":[286],"design":[287],"processing":[292],"novel":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-09-27T00:00:00"}