{"id":"https://openalex.org/W31985401","doi":null,"title":"Eligibility for the Medicare buy-in programs, based on a survey of income and program participation simulation.","display_name":"Eligibility for the Medicare buy-in programs, based on a survey of income and program participation simulation.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W31985401","mag":"31985401","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11439702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11439702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11439702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social security bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103361714","display_name":"Kalman Rupp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Rupp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063482995","display_name":"James Sears","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Sears","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00767681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"3","first_page":"13","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-eligibility","display_name":"income eligibility","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty-line","display_name":"poverty line","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survey-of-income-and-program-participation","display_name":"Survey of Income and Program Participation","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-participation","display_name":"program participation","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outreach","display_name":"outreach","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-pocket-costs","display_name":"out-of-pocket costs","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-medicare-beneficiaries","display_name":"low-income Medicare beneficiaries","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constraints","display_name":"resource constraints","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-population-survey","display_name":"Current Population Survey","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26869875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596417","display_name":"Beneficiary","level":2,"score":0.8573687076568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781400479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640","display_name":"Outreach","level":2,"score":0.6627016067504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.6477731466293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.6421618461608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6186465620994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775868463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205660","display_name":"Poverty threshold","level":3,"score":0.6066256761550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776099370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647087","display_name":"Survey of Income and Program Participation","level":2,"score":0.5834249258041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195069","display_name":"Current Population Survey","level":3,"score":0.5467520952224731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776534028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141363","display_name":"Medicaid","level":3,"score":0.5183478593826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4091140627861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39241212606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.36879855394363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.30202752351760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23341187834739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.21941033005714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18005850911140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.15298962593078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14729732275009155}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004608","descriptor_name":"Eligibility Determination","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006233","descriptor_name":"Persons with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006278","descriptor_name":"Medicare","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007345","descriptor_name":"Insurance Claim Review","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012943","descriptor_name":"Social Security","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017047","descriptor_name":"Cost Sharing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11439702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11439702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social security bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:31985401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11439702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.8928999900817871},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984882339","https://openalex.org/W2945042530","https://openalex.org/W1501014477","https://openalex.org/W2030769235","https://openalex.org/W2395296394","https://openalex.org/W2079478340","https://openalex.org/W2140982760","https://openalex.org/W2936600357","https://openalex.org/W2156201643","https://openalex.org/W2080209385","https://openalex.org/W1556545238","https://openalex.org/W2764189104","https://openalex.org/W2091455591","https://openalex.org/W2808990236","https://openalex.org/W1955301554","https://openalex.org/W1555455083","https://openalex.org/W1971358085","https://openalex.org/W2041733763","https://openalex.org/W2951581560","https://openalex.org/W1981434287","https://openalex.org/W2034918199","https://openalex.org/W2093947300","https://openalex.org/W1998003616","https://openalex.org/W2064969847","https://openalex.org/W1693745137","https://openalex.org/W2502560377","https://openalex.org/W2088944569","https://openalex.org/W2783190507","https://openalex.org/W1992317586","https://openalex.org/W2062898060","https://openalex.org/W2686844533","https://openalex.org/W2007333101","https://openalex.org/W2916366474","https://openalex.org/W2885927965","https://openalex.org/W2470217139","https://openalex.org/W2765792294","https://openalex.org/W2898460257","https://openalex.org/W2129641863","https://openalex.org/W2072147769","https://openalex.org/W2074369549","https://openalex.org/W2024744542","https://openalex.org/W1977526136","https://openalex.org/W1994929488","https://openalex.org/W2139871765","https://openalex.org/W2069261633","https://openalex.org/W2115168554","https://openalex.org/W2081970123","https://openalex.org/W3023455772","https://openalex.org/W2161176515","https://openalex.org/W2922324150","https://openalex.org/W2244257221","https://openalex.org/W2128681952","https://openalex.org/W2047757988","https://openalex.org/W2159555355","https://openalex.org/W1993323334","https://openalex.org/W2055430412","https://openalex.org/W2160237699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156164312","https://openalex.org/W2336258141","https://openalex.org/W7096914677","https://openalex.org/W1937768452","https://openalex.org/W2414022168","https://openalex.org/W2102966511","https://openalex.org/W6903330668","https://openalex.org/W3126049052","https://openalex.org/W6981767359","https://openalex.org/W4412080703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medicare":[0,25,32,39,441,577,599,619],"buy-in":[1,50,120,152,357,540,584],"programs":[2,51,121,205,541,701],"are":[3,181,393,435,642],"designed":[4],"to":[5,146,168,183,210,222,267,298,319,326,422,437,509,567,593],"reduce":[6],"out-of-pocket":[7],"expenses":[8],"of":[9,20,23,80,99,116,131,134,173,189,193,200,216,226,247,255,284,288,323,391,501,530,610,635],"beneficiaries":[10,578],"with":[11,460,616,731],"modest":[12],"income":[13,72,250,271,348,373,381,426,644],"and":[14,43,103,122,203,252,270,290,349,364,374,427,448,454,485,560,603,624,632,668,678,699],"assets.":[15],"This":[16],"article":[17],"provides":[18,419],"estimates":[19,228,325,390,397,468,502,682],"the":[21,24,30,36,44,53,61,81,85,100,104,114,119,123,132,135,174,187,194,201,214,224,230,238,245,253,260,279,299,321,327,356,360,400,405,413,417,424,432,475,482,491,499,510,515,525,535,538,546,555,575,598,676,697],"size":[22,133],"beneficiary":[26],"population":[27,140,176,196,478,517,529,600,609],"eligible":[28,136,175,195,480,516,528,566,582,608,621,691,734],"for":[29,70,125,273,351,355,481,490,537,583,588,595,651,692,713],"Qualified":[31,45],"Beneficiary":[33,40],"(QMB)":[34],"program,":[35,42],"Specified":[37],"Low-Income":[38],"(SLMB)":[41],"Individual-1":[46],"(QI-1)":[47],"program.":[48,493],"The":[49,74,240,275,306,330,494,570],"use":[52,671],"same":[54,261],"resource":[55],"limits":[56],"(twice":[57],"those":[58,227],"used":[59,266],"in":[60,108,118,474,552,597,613,664,675,696,702],"Supplemental":[62],"Security":[63,301,453],"Income":[64,289],"(SSI)":[65],"program)":[66],"but":[67,93,506,648,693],"different":[68],"thresholds":[69],"determining":[71],"eligibility.":[73],"QMB":[75,202,483,677,698],"program":[76,106,484,548,586],"uses":[77,278],"100":[78],"percent":[79,92,98],"poverty":[82,101,392],"line":[83],"as":[84],"cutoff,":[86],"QI-1":[87,527,547],"covers":[88,309],"persons":[89,473],"above":[90],"120":[91],"at":[94,412],"or":[95],"below":[96],"135":[97],"line,":[102],"SLMB":[105,204,492,679,700],"is":[107,141,220,296,507,518,533,542,656],"between.":[109],"Making":[110],"informed":[111],"judgments":[112],"about":[113,150,380,685],"rate":[115],"participation":[117,161,269],"need":[124,650],"outreach":[126,716],"requires":[127],"an":[128,156,169,486,606],"accurate":[129,462],"estimate":[130,172,268],"population.":[137,735],"If":[138,165],"that":[139,190,235,264,295,469,514,591,684,707],"underestimated,":[142],"policymakers":[143,166],"might":[144,236],"come":[145],"unduly":[147],"optimistic":[148],"conclusions":[149],"current":[151,160,276],"participation.":[153],"In":[154,213],"contrast,":[155],"overestimate":[157],"may":[158,710,723],"make":[159],"seem":[162],"too":[163],"low.":[164],"react":[167],"upwardly":[170],"biased":[171],"by":[177,186,715],"increasing":[178],"outreach,":[179],"they":[180],"bound":[182],"be":[184,445,458,581,711,724,730],"disappointed":[185],"results":[188],"effort.":[191],"Estimates":[192,312],"from":[197,207,259,503],"past":[198,504],"studies":[199,505],"range":[206,500],"5.1":[208],"million":[209,472,489,532,558,572,612,687],"9.1":[211],"million.":[212,544],"absence":[215],"new":[217],"information,":[218],"it":[219,341,728],"difficult":[221,726],"judge":[223],"accuracy":[225],"because":[229,340],"methodologies":[231],"had":[232],"substantial":[233],"shortcomings":[234,243],"bias":[237],"results.":[239],"most":[241,280],"common":[242],"include":[244],"lack":[246,254],"high-quality,":[248],"monthly":[249,463],"data":[251,262,307,318,338,434,450],"information":[256,345,367,379,409],"on":[257,346,368,399,410,451],"assets":[258,350,411],"file":[263,294,308],"was":[265,521,719],"eligibility":[272,324,354,442],"Medicare.":[274],"study":[277],"recently":[281],"available":[282,712],"(as":[283],"August":[285],"2000)":[286],"Survey":[287],"Program":[291],"Participation":[292],"(SIPP)":[293],"matched":[297,436],"Social":[300,452],"Administration's":[302],"(SSA's)":[303],"administrative":[304,439],"records.":[305],"1995":[310,466,576,602],"information.":[311,464],"were":[313,479,661,690],"also":[314,407,657],"obtained":[315],"using":[316],"1991":[317],"assess":[320],"sensitivity":[322],"year":[328],"chosen.":[329],"SIPP":[331,361,406,433],"has":[332,376],"several":[333],"major":[334,425],"advantages":[335],"over":[336],"other":[337,384,617],"sources":[339],"contains":[342],"relevant,":[343],"high-quality":[344],"both":[347],"establishing":[352],"financial":[353],"programs.":[358,680],"First,":[359],"collects":[362,408],"detailed":[363],"conceptually":[365],"appropriate":[366],"monthly,":[369],"rather":[370],"than":[371,382,396,520,718,727],"annual,":[372],"therefore":[375,444],"more":[377,461,629,725],"complete":[378],"do":[383],"surveys.":[385],"As":[386],"a":[387,732],"result,":[388],"SIPP-based":[389],"substantially":[394],"lower":[395,511],"based":[398],"Current":[401],"Population":[402],"Survey.":[403],"Second,":[404],"individual":[414],"level.":[415],"Thus,":[416,639],"survey":[418],"enough":[420],"detail":[421],"measure":[423],"asset":[428],"exclusions":[429],"directly.":[430],"Finally,":[431],"SSA":[438],"records:":[440],"can":[443,457],"accurately":[446],"measured,":[447],"self-reported":[449],"SSI":[455],"benefits":[456],"replaced":[459],"Our":[465,681],"simulation":[467],"approximately":[470],"4.8":[471],"U.S.":[476],"noninstitutionalized":[477,688],"additional":[487],"1.6":[488],"total--roughly":[495],"6.5":[496,557],"million--is":[497],"within":[498],"closer":[508],"end,":[512],"suggesting":[513],"smaller":[519],"previously":[522,720],"believed.":[523,721],"When":[524],"estimated":[526,556,607],"0.9":[531],"added,":[534],"total":[536],"three":[539],"7.4":[543,571],"Because":[545],"did":[549],"not":[550,640,662,694],"exist":[551],"1995,":[553],"only":[554,641],"QMBs":[559,623],"SLMBs":[561,625],"would":[562,580,729],"actually":[563],"have":[564,626],"been":[565],"receive":[568],"benefits.":[569],"figure":[573],"represents":[574],"who":[579],"under":[585],"rules":[587],"2000.":[589],"Adjusting":[590],"number":[592],"account":[594],"increases":[596],"between":[601],"1999":[604],"yields":[605],"7.8":[611],"1999.":[614,703],"Compared":[615],"elderly":[618,622],"recipients,":[620],"poorer":[627],"health,":[628,665],"functional":[630,666],"limitations,":[631,667],"higher":[633],"rates":[634],"health":[636,669],"care":[637,655,670],"use.":[638],"their":[643,649],"resources":[645],"relatively":[646],"limited,":[647],"potentially":[652],"expensive":[653],"medical":[654],"greater.":[658],"Similar":[659],"differences":[660],"found":[663],"among":[672],"disabled":[673],"participants":[674],"imply":[683],"2.5":[686],"individuals":[689],"enrolled":[695],"That":[704],"finding":[705],"suggests":[706],"fewer":[708],"eligibles":[709],"targeting":[714],"efforts":[717],"Outreach":[722],"larger":[733],"(ABSTRACT":[736],"TRUNCATED)":[737]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}