{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197628829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","title":"Prevalence of burnout among university students in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Prevalence of burnout among university students in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197628829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","mag":"3197628829","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460837","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8405021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256402&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256402&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015753281","display_name":"Mark Mohan Kaggwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-154X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-154X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Mohan Kaggwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-154X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000958922","display_name":"Jonathan Kajjimu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-4868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-4868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Kajjimu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-4868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092030367","display_name":"Jonathan Sserunkuuma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Sserunkuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059810145","display_name":"Sarah Maria Najjuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-7941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-7941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Maria Najjuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040430309","display_name":"Letizia Maria Atim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-9305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-9305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Letizia Maria Atim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002682699","display_name":"Ronald Olum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-0111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-0111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Olum","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005358704","display_name":"Andrew Tagg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-9796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4663-9796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165182","display_name":"Western Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05qv7gx64","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116486","https://openalex.org/I4210165182"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Tagg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emergency Department, Western Hospital-Footscray, Footscray, Victoria, Australia","School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emergency Department, Western Hospital-Footscray, Footscray, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028018224","display_name":"Felix Bongomin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-8517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4515-8517","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3268-0755"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133388076","display_name":"Gulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/042vepq05","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133388076"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Bongomin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133388076"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000958922"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"],"apc_list":{"value":1749,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1749},"apc_paid":{"value":1749,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1749},"fwci":2.624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92674731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"8","first_page":"e0256402","last_page":"e0256402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10795","display_name":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 stress and burnout","score":0.07699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.02539999969303608,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burnout","display_name":"burnout","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-exhaustion","display_name":"emotional exhaustion","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cynicism","display_name":"cynicism","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maslach-burnout-inventory","display_name":"Maslach Burnout Inventory","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-mental-health","display_name":"student mental health","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143916079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629248","display_name":"Burnout","level":2,"score":0.7161685824394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6340110301971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6225229501724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5878115892410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780439572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919364","display_name":"Publication bias","level":3,"score":0.5575107932090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.5110169649124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88519622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776232","display_name":"Emotional exhaustion","level":3,"score":0.4730364978313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.4717106521129608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82605166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967190","display_name":"Funnel plot","level":4,"score":0.4526687264442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4187663197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.338066041469574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.2930578589439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2826045751571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.24200770258903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23623067140579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11288893222808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073978","descriptor_name":"Academic Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002055","descriptor_name":"Burnout, Professional","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256402&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8405021","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8405021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34460837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34460837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0256402","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bae1df41715475db4fcac9759b76782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bae1df41715475db4fcac9759b76782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e0256402 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/306438","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11343/306438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256402&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197628829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197628829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246286872","https://openalex.org/W881572572","https://openalex.org/W1522117378","https://openalex.org/W1522697381","https://openalex.org/W1651757958","https://openalex.org/W1979423827","https://openalex.org/W1984546832","https://openalex.org/W1989685273","https://openalex.org/W2009248120","https://openalex.org/W2031608913","https://openalex.org/W2067327430","https://openalex.org/W2102806183","https://openalex.org/W2137170950","https://openalex.org/W2155491238","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2159978247","https://openalex.org/W2165711592","https://openalex.org/W2217463225","https://openalex.org/W2264519474","https://openalex.org/W2276671930","https://openalex.org/W2320804899","https://openalex.org/W2322666644","https://openalex.org/W2346620292","https://openalex.org/W2416140235","https://openalex.org/W2433202222","https://openalex.org/W2460221476","https://openalex.org/W2525395119","https://openalex.org/W2547585693","https://openalex.org/W2570021193","https://openalex.org/W2588681363","https://openalex.org/W2594496684","https://openalex.org/W2612165430","https://openalex.org/W2751253315","https://openalex.org/W2757963894","https://openalex.org/W2763205864","https://openalex.org/W2770887519","https://openalex.org/W2782546579","https://openalex.org/W2790608164","https://openalex.org/W2791735926","https://openalex.org/W2795012418","https://openalex.org/W2801181534","https://openalex.org/W2802225992","https://openalex.org/W2805591434","https://openalex.org/W2807086306","https://openalex.org/W2890842049","https://openalex.org/W2899346938","https://openalex.org/W2901297890","https://openalex.org/W2947714145","https://openalex.org/W2950323829","https://openalex.org/W2966026058","https://openalex.org/W2983231133","https://openalex.org/W2991792334","https://openalex.org/W2991841866","https://openalex.org/W2995135188","https://openalex.org/W2995290967","https://openalex.org/W2995505132","https://openalex.org/W2995763830","https://openalex.org/W3006355328","https://openalex.org/W3007870646","https://openalex.org/W3012909647","https://openalex.org/W3015587639","https://openalex.org/W3023932780","https://openalex.org/W3035140048","https://openalex.org/W3037522461","https://openalex.org/W3038539289","https://openalex.org/W3038599607","https://openalex.org/W3042190919","https://openalex.org/W3042703119","https://openalex.org/W3045659926","https://openalex.org/W3081182857","https://openalex.org/W3089346551","https://openalex.org/W3092199194","https://openalex.org/W3108894061","https://openalex.org/W3111027731","https://openalex.org/W3111254511","https://openalex.org/W3118969931","https://openalex.org/W3120788301","https://openalex.org/W3121221120","https://openalex.org/W3126783864","https://openalex.org/W3134158242","https://openalex.org/W3135792073","https://openalex.org/W3135891953","https://openalex.org/W3139163094","https://openalex.org/W3168502322","https://openalex.org/W3183751613","https://openalex.org/W3197079378","https://openalex.org/W3200951875","https://openalex.org/W3217566876","https://openalex.org/W4230713495","https://openalex.org/W4239208527","https://openalex.org/W4243324201","https://openalex.org/W4251353649","https://openalex.org/W4294215472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153115756","https://openalex.org/W4391389579","https://openalex.org/W4283771197","https://openalex.org/W2766838550","https://openalex.org/W2733640556","https://openalex.org/W2852814520","https://openalex.org/W3180293958","https://openalex.org/W7221554620","https://openalex.org/W4403553189","https://openalex.org/W7165358319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Burnout":[1,125],"is":[2,14,230],"common":[3],"among":[4,24,42],"university":[5,25,43,116,209],"students":[6,26,44,117,210],"and":[7,60,93,100,168,193],"may":[8],"adversely":[9],"affect":[10],"academic":[11],"performance.":[12],"Little":[13],"known":[15],"about":[16],"the":[17,38,63,221],"true":[18],"burden":[19],"of":[20,40,55,65,111,137,159,163,208,223],"this":[21,226],"preventable":[22],"malady":[23],"in":[27,45,130,211,225,240],"low-and-middle-income":[28],"countries":[29],"(LMICs).":[30],"OBJECTIVES:":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33,76],"aimed":[34],"to":[35,219,233],"systematically":[36],"estimate":[37],"prevalence":[39,136,158],"burnout":[41,138,224],"LMICs.":[46],"METHODS:":[47],"We":[48],"searched":[49],"PubMed,":[50],"Google":[51],"Scholar,":[52],"CINAHL,":[53],"Web":[54],"Science,":[56],"African":[57],"Journals":[58],"Online,":[59],"Embase":[61],"from":[62,118],"inception":[64],"each":[66],"database":[67],"until":[68],"February":[69],"2021.":[70],"Original":[71],"studies":[72,132,216],"were":[73,81,96,121],"included.":[74,122],"No":[75],"design":[77],"or":[78],"language":[79],"restrictions":[80],"applied.":[82],"A":[83],"random-effects":[84],"meta-analysis":[85],"was":[86,128,139],"performed":[87],"using":[88,98],"STATA":[89],"version":[90],"16.0.":[91],"Heterogeneity":[92],"publication":[94],"bias":[95],"assessed":[97],"Q-statistics":[99],"funnel":[101],"plots,":[102],"respectively.":[103,204],"RESULTS:":[104],"Fifty-five":[105],"unique":[106],"articles,":[107],"including":[108],"a":[109,231],"total":[110],"27,940":[112],"(Female:":[113],"16,215,":[114],"58.0%)":[115],"24":[119],"LMICs":[120,212],"The":[123,134,156],"Maslach":[124],"Inventory":[126],"(MBI)":[127],"used":[129],"43":[131],"(78.2%).":[133],"pooled":[135,157],"12.1%":[140],"(95%":[141,174,184,195],"Confidence":[142],"Interval":[143],"(CI)":[144],"11.9-12.3;":[145],"I2":[146,177],"=":[147,150,153,178,181,190,201],"99.7%,":[148],"Q":[149],"21,464.1,":[151],"p":[152,180,189,200],"<":[154,191,202],"0.001).":[155],"emotional":[160],"exhaustion":[161],"(feelings":[162],"energy":[164],"depletion),":[165],"cynicism":[166],"(negativism),":[167],"reduced":[169],"professional":[170],"efficacy":[171],"were,":[172],"27.8%":[173],"CI":[175],"27.4-28.3;":[176],"98.17%.":[179],"<0.001),":[182],"32.6":[183],"CI:":[185,196],"32.0-33.1;":[186],"I2:":[187,198],"99.5%;":[188],"0.001),":[192,203],"29.9%":[194],"28.8-30.9;":[197],"98.1%;":[199],"CONCLUSION:":[205],"Nearly":[206],"one-third":[207],"experience":[213],"burnout.":[214],"More":[215],"are":[217],"needed":[218],"understand":[220],"causes":[222],"key":[227],"population.":[228],"There":[229],"need":[232],"validate":[234],"freely":[235],"available":[236],"tools":[237],"for":[238],"use":[239],"these":[241],"countries.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}