{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197340960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","title":"Fair Voice Biometrics: Impact of Demographic Imbalance on Group Fairness in Speaker Recognition","display_name":"Fair Voice Biometrics: Impact of Demographic Imbalance on Group Fairness in Speaker Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197340960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","mag":"3197340960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918409","display_name":"Interspeech (USB)","issn_l":"2308-457X","issn":["2308-457X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/296839","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079928291","display_name":"Gianni Fenu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-2476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-2476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianni Fenu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019764103","display_name":"Mirko Marras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1989-6057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1989-6057"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Marras","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083364829","display_name":"Giacomo Medda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-1876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-1876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Medda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030315832","display_name":"Giacomo Meloni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Meloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95338862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1892","last_page":"1896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9101999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9101999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.03849999979138374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"speaker recognition","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-fairness","display_name":"group fairness","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-imbalance","display_name":"population imbalance","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-balancing","display_name":"data balancing","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-discrimination","display_name":"algorithmic discrimination","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness-metrics","display_name":"fairness metrics","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitive-attributes","display_name":"sensitive attributes","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-network","display_name":"deep neural network","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recognition-threshold","display_name":"recognition threshold","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.7258139848709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7209457755088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6877061724662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6804080605506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.6119509935379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5574780702590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5053160786628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4302142262458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3146688640117645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2555345296859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-1857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918409","display_name":"Interspeech (USB)","issn_l":"2308-457X","issn":["2308-457X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interspeech 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:296839","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/296839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/322023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/322023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:296839","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/296839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168584806","https://openalex.org/W1533303231","https://openalex.org/W2060729502","https://openalex.org/W2141373863","https://openalex.org/W2265195717","https://openalex.org/W2395619215","https://openalex.org/W2493343568","https://openalex.org/W2587162996","https://openalex.org/W2808631503","https://openalex.org/W2809878087","https://openalex.org/W2890964092","https://openalex.org/W2943859917","https://openalex.org/W2969896603","https://openalex.org/W2972488102","https://openalex.org/W3009247505","https://openalex.org/W3017260429","https://openalex.org/W3018301625","https://openalex.org/W3089682003","https://openalex.org/W3097962307","https://openalex.org/W3114056688","https://openalex.org/W3210222343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3114056688","https://openalex.org/W4375869428","https://openalex.org/W4221165870","https://openalex.org/W4312081513","https://openalex.org/W4391021427","https://openalex.org/W3089682003","https://openalex.org/W4296069263","https://openalex.org/W4224920133","https://openalex.org/W4324102198","https://openalex.org/W4400621986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speaker":[0],"recognition":[1,144],"systems":[2,17],"are":[3],"playing":[4],"a":[5,113],"key":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,38,51,83],"modern":[9],"online":[10],"applications.":[11],"Though":[12],"the":[13,36,75,79,130,139,143],"susceptibility":[14],"of":[15,78,94],"these":[16],"to":[18,21],"discrimination":[19],"according":[20],"group":[22,70,122],"fairness":[23,48,71,95,127,136,140],"metrics":[24,72],"has":[25,31],"been":[26,32],"recently":[27],"studied,":[28],"their":[29],"assessment":[30],"mainly":[33],"focused":[34],"on":[35,106,112,126,138],"difference":[37],"equal":[39],"error":[40],"rate":[41],"across":[42,132],"groups,":[43,118],"not":[44],"accounting":[45],"for":[46,55],"other":[47],"criteria":[49],"important":[50],"anti-discrimination":[52],"policies,":[53],"defined":[54],"demographic":[56],"groups":[57],"characterized":[58],"by":[59,90],"sensitive":[60],"attributes.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,88],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"therefore":[66],"study":[67],"how":[68],"existing":[69],"relate":[73],"with":[74],"balancing":[76,102,121],"settings":[77],"training":[80],"data":[81,101,114],"set":[82,115],"speaker":[84],"recognition.":[85],"We":[86],"conduct":[87],"analysis":[89],"operationalizing":[91],"several":[92],"definitions":[93],"and":[96,128,135,142],"monitoring":[97],"them":[98],"under":[99],"varied":[100],"settings.":[103],"Experiments":[104],"performed":[105],"three":[107],"deep":[108],"neural":[109],"architectures,":[110],"evaluated":[111],"including":[116],"gender/age-based":[117],"show":[119],"that":[120,129],"representation":[123],"positively":[124],"impacts":[125],"friction":[131],"security,":[133],"usability,":[134],"depends":[137],"metric":[141],"threshold.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}
