{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197085547","doi":null,"title":"Macroinvertebrate Drift as an Indicator of Disturbance in a Kenyan Highland Stream: The Njoro River","display_name":"Macroinvertebrate Drift as an Indicator of Disturbance in a Kenyan Highland Stream: The Njoro River","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197085547","mag":"3197085547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3197085547","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://aer-journal.info/index.php/journals/article/view/129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306500877","display_name":"Africa Environmental Review Journal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Africa Environmental Review Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024158914","display_name":"Charles Mwithali M\u2019Erimba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195931504","display_name":"Egerton University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jk2zc89","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195931504"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles M\u2019Erimba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195931504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113494424","display_name":"John Gichimu Mbaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-5113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9660-5113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802891092","display_name":"Machakos University","ror":"https://ror.org/05eyrmk93","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802891092"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gichimu Mbaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, Machakos University, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Machakos University, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802891092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"94","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10669","display_name":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14039","display_name":"Ecology and biodiversity studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroinvertebrate-drift","display_name":"macroinvertebrate drift","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-disturbance","display_name":"stream disturbance","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highland-streams","display_name":"highland streams","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benthic-invertebrates","display_name":"benthic invertebrates","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mayflies","display_name":"Ephemeroptera","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chironomidae","display_name":"Chironomidae","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simuliidae","display_name":"Simuliidae","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-grazing","display_name":"livestock grazing","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riparian-land-use","display_name":"riparian land use","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-discharge","display_name":"water discharge","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diurnal-variation","display_name":"diurnal variation","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-degradation","display_name":"habitat degradation","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777947409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141266","display_name":"Riffle","level":3,"score":0.9394123554229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.7493938207626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13474642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43806","display_name":"Invertebrate","level":2,"score":0.7411256432533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.6380988955497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6101297736167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42090638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4048907","display_name":"STREAMS","level":2,"score":0.5951483845710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228145","display_name":"Chironomidae","level":3,"score":0.5898669958114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13360049","display_name":"Riparian zone","level":3,"score":0.5864205956459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4671442210674286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581","display_name":"Disturbance (geology)","level":2,"score":0.42365407943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.3280690908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20656153559684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11354243755340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.09082520008087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3197085547","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://aer-journal.info/index.php/journals/article/view/129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306500877","display_name":"Africa Environmental Review Journal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Africa Environmental Review Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6976948817","https://openalex.org/W2053617645","https://openalex.org/W2504675770","https://openalex.org/W7084221862","https://openalex.org/W6939283851","https://openalex.org/W2070909388","https://openalex.org/W2026747350","https://openalex.org/W7095073455","https://openalex.org/W1971816460","https://openalex.org/W1560009744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"Kenyan":[1],"streams":[2],"are":[3,255],"influenced":[4],"by":[5,106],"humans":[6],"through":[7],"disturbances":[8,33],"such":[9,276],"as":[10,277],"water":[11,278],"abstraction,":[13],"farming":[14],"and":[15,31,59,76,83,88,97,108,111,125,196,218,247,251,281],"grazing":[16],"in":[17,40,62,71,95,216,232,264,286],"the":[18,27,46,63,139,145,153,158,164,176,186,190,233,271,301],"riparian":[19],"areas.":[20],"However,":[21,210],"there":[22],"is":[23],"limited":[24],"information":[25],"on":[26,34,50,206,228,283],"effect":[28,47,205,226,272],"of":[29,48,73,198,253,273],"natural":[30],"anthropogenic":[32],"drift,":[35],"an":[36],"important":[37,256],"ecological":[38],"process":[39],"streams.":[41,265,287],"An":[42],"investigation":[43],"to":[44,258,296,303],"assess":[45],"disturbance":[49],"invertebrate":[51,142,148,172,229,262,284],"drift":[52,96,128,149,173,181,208,217,230,263,285],"was":[53,183],"carried":[54],"out":[55,221],"between":[56],"December":[57],"2015":[58],"July":[60],"2016":[61],"Njoro":[64,234],"River,":[65],"Kenya.":[66],"Three":[67],"study":[68,82,91,101,134,159,238],"sites":[69],"differing":[70],"intensity":[72],"observable":[74],"human":[75],"livestock":[77],"activities":[78],"were":[79],"designated":[80],"for":[81],"included":[84],"Mugo,":[85],"Mary":[86],"Joy":[87],"Turkana.":[89],"The":[90,133],"involved":[92],"sampling":[93,199,254],"macroinvertebrates":[94],"benthos":[98],"at":[99,130],"different":[100,113],"sites,":[102],"during":[103,112,152,175,185,189],"periods":[104],"characterized":[105],"low":[107,170],"high-water":[109],"discharge":[110,155,195],"times":[114],"(i.e.,":[115,136,161,213],"night,":[116],"day).":[117],"Results":[118],"showed":[119],"that":[120],"three":[121],"taxa:":[122],"Ephemeroptera,":[123],"Chironomidae":[124],"Simuliidae,":[126],"dominated":[127],"samples":[129],"all":[131],"sites.":[132],"site":[135,160,193,239],"Turkana)":[137],"with":[138,163],"lowest":[140],"benthic":[141,166],"densities":[143,150,167,174],"had":[144,223],"highest":[146,165],"relative":[147],"(41-70%)":[151],"high":[154],"period":[156],"while":[157],"Mugo)":[162],"portrayed":[168],"relatively":[169],"(6-11%)":[171],"same":[177],"period.":[178],"Higher":[179],"invertebrates":[180,207],"density":[182,231],"recorded":[184],"night":[187],"than":[188],"day.":[191],"Study":[192],"location,":[194],"time":[197,252],"did":[200],"not":[201],"have":[202],"a":[203,224],"significant":[204,225],"density.":[209],"sampler":[211],"location":[212],"DR1":[214],"\u2013":[215,220],"DR2":[219],"drift)":[222],"(p=0.0004)":[227],"River.":[235],"In":[236],"conclusion,":[237],"characteristics":[240],"(e.g.,":[241],"topography":[242],"-":[243],"pool":[244],"or":[245],"riffle,":[246],"disturbance),":[248],"hydrological":[249],"regime":[250],"factors":[257],"consider":[259,269],"when":[260],"evaluating":[261,270],"Future":[266],"studies":[267],"should":[268,291],"other":[274],"factors,":[275],"quality,":[279],"mining":[280],"damming,":[282],"Water":[288],"resource":[289],"managers":[290],"put":[292],"into":[293],"place":[294],"measures":[295],"prevent":[297],"further":[298],"degradation":[299],"along":[300],"river":[302],"protect":[304],"in-stream":[305],"macroinvertebrate":[306],"habitats.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}
