{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196889912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","title":"Performance investigation of a two-stage thermoelectric cooler with inhomogeneous materials","display_name":"Performance investigation of a two-stage thermoelectric cooler with inhomogeneous materials","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196889912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","mag":"3196889912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2298/tsci210226254h","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=0354-98362100254H","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177423656","display_name":"Thermal Science","issn_l":"0354-9836","issn":["0354-9836","2334-7163"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322021","host_organization_name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322021"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thermal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=0354-98362100254H","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012515458","display_name":"Yuewu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9829","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-7135","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6335-7259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuewu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032897013","display_name":"Jingjing Zha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Zha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684757","display_name":"Hui Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-3871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-3871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"],"apc_list":{"value":150,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":161},"apc_paid":{"value":150,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":161},"fwci":0.0712,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23730655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4 Part B","first_page":"3335","last_page":"3344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooling-capacity","display_name":"cooling capacity","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-performance","display_name":"coefficient of performance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"exergy efficiency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-irreversibility","display_name":"internal irreversibility","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-profiles","display_name":"temperature profiles","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-operating-region","display_name":"optimal operating region","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-end-temperature","display_name":"cold end temperature","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state-modeling","display_name":"steady-state model","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128458982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18891486","display_name":"Thermoelectric cooling","level":3,"score":0.8349005579948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.7760945558547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7139538526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164915370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5167494","display_name":"Cooling capacity","level":2,"score":0.6681048274040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6587466597557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.5747511982917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5318113565444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.5207117199897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5014221668243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.48788952827453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.480354905128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117127486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11569191","display_name":"Thermoelectric generator","level":3,"score":0.44790762662887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117926987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210009","display_name":"Joule heating","level":2,"score":0.4130851924419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3523053526878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1574922502040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11544030904769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2298/tsci210226254h","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=0354-98362100254H","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177423656","display_name":"Thermal Science","issn_l":"0354-9836","issn":["0354-9836","2334-7163"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322021","host_organization_name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322021"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thermal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2298/tsci210226254h","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci210226254h","pdf_url":"http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=0354-98362100254H","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177423656","display_name":"Thermal Science","issn_l":"0354-9836","issn":["0354-9836","2334-7163"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322021","host_organization_name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322021"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thermal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196889912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196889912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W825766081","https://openalex.org/W1680534050","https://openalex.org/W1974703541","https://openalex.org/W1985634637","https://openalex.org/W1994610750","https://openalex.org/W1994715177","https://openalex.org/W1996692575","https://openalex.org/W2003103176","https://openalex.org/W2041532378","https://openalex.org/W2069496358","https://openalex.org/W2069750435","https://openalex.org/W2127183829","https://openalex.org/W2138668863","https://openalex.org/W2149020627","https://openalex.org/W2166947364","https://openalex.org/W2568037247","https://openalex.org/W2610932441","https://openalex.org/W2623231920","https://openalex.org/W2651256589","https://openalex.org/W2752221717","https://openalex.org/W2809202741","https://openalex.org/W2997331613","https://openalex.org/W3094008421","https://openalex.org/W3127165089","https://openalex.org/W4240234361","https://openalex.org/W6629929401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127165089","https://openalex.org/W1680534050","https://openalex.org/W4390032692","https://openalex.org/W1831911824","https://openalex.org/W2149020627","https://openalex.org/W2049536443","https://openalex.org/W2140277433","https://openalex.org/W2128150664","https://openalex.org/W1989889727","https://openalex.org/W2883675814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"model":[2,23],"of":[3,19,28,34,85,93,102,128,148],"two-stage":[4,130,150],"thermoelectric":[5,36,58,103,131,151],"cooler":[6],"with":[7,153],"inhomogeneous":[8,136,154],"thermal":[9,94],"conductivity":[10,95],"in":[11,77,111],"steady-state":[12],"operating":[13,64,75],"condition":[14],"is":[15,60,109,139],"established.":[16],"The":[17,62,68,141],"modification":[18],"the":[20,26,35,40,53,57,83,86,91,100,106,116],"constant":[21],"properties":[22],"allows":[24],"controlling":[25],"distribution":[27],"Joule":[29],"heat.":[30],"Considering":[31],"internal":[32],"irreversibilities":[33],"cooler,":[37],"expressions":[38],"for":[39],"cooling":[41,71,107,117],"capacity,":[42,118],"COP,":[43],"and":[44,99,120],"exergy":[45,121],"efficiency":[46,122],"are":[47,66,80,123],"derived.":[48],"By":[49],"utilizing":[50],"numerical":[51],"methods,":[52],"temperature":[54,98],"profile":[55],"along":[56],"legs":[59],"presented.":[61],"optimal":[63,74],"regions":[65,76],"explored.":[67],"COP":[69,119],"vs.":[70],"capacity":[72],"describing":[73],"inhomogeneity":[78],"materials":[79],"plotted.":[81],"Meanwhile,":[82],"influence":[84],"main":[87],"parameters":[88],"such":[89],"as":[90],"variation":[92],"distribution,":[96],"cold-end":[97],"number":[101],"modules":[104],"on":[105,146],"performance":[108],"discussed":[110],"detail.":[112],"Results":[113],"indicate":[114],"that":[115],"improved":[124],"compared":[125],"to":[126],"those":[127],"homo?geneous":[129],"coolers":[132,152],"when":[133],"an":[134],"appropriate":[135],"property":[137],"parameter":[138],"applied.":[140],"work":[142],"can":[143],"provide":[144],"guidance":[145],"design":[147],"actual":[149],"materials.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}