{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196822905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10339","title":"Natural Resource Dependence and Monopolized Imports","display_name":"Natural Resource Dependence and Monopolized Imports","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196822905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10339","mag":"3196822905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-10339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099736303022315150/IDU07511c9350456304ed20a7a506b67b716cb7a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036651435","display_name":"Rabah Arezki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-1306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-1306"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153954","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International","ror":"https://ror.org/01hg13988","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4387153954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405268616","display_name":"Fondation pour les \u00c9tudes et Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International","ror":"https://ror.org/01hwngd19","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405268616"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabah Arezki","raw_affiliation_strings":["","CERDI - Centre d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International (P\u00f4le tertiaire, 26 avenue L\u00e9on Blum, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand\r\n - France)","FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International (63, boulevard Fran\u00e7ois-Mitterrand 63000 Clermont Ferrand - France)","Harvard Kennedy School (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERDI - Centre d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International (P\u00f4le tertiaire, 26 avenue L\u00e9on Blum, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand\r\n - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International (63, boulevard Fran\u00e7ois-Mitterrand 63000 Clermont Ferrand - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405268616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Kennedy School (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850239","display_name":"Ana Margarida Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-3070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-3070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310145890","display_name":"International Monetary Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4rmw09","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["","International Monetary Fund (IMF) (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310145890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087224379","display_name":"Federico Merch\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0417-2972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0417-2972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Merch\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["","World Bank Group (1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA\r\n - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank Group (1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA\r\n - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101988537","display_name":"Ha Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-035X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-035X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["","World Bank Group (1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA\r\n - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank Group (1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA\r\n - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060861526","display_name":"Tristan Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9249-114X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9249-114X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tristan Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["","CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Universit\u00e9 Christian-Albrechts de Kiel (Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Universit\u00e9 Christian-Albrechts de Kiel (Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany - Germany)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.5889000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.3977000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-dependence","display_name":"natural resource dependence","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commodity-exports","display_name":"merchandise exports","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-curse","display_name":"resource curse","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-prices","display_name":"domestic prices","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markups","display_name":"markups","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-evasion","display_name":"tariff evasion","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-tariff-measures","display_name":"non-tariff measures","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-concentration","display_name":"market concentration","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7013717889785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.574080228805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.5696805715560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4644916355609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3308420777320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.31638598442077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24831360578536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1733545958995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12190160155296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.033439815044403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.03335109353065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-10339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/39500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099736303022315150/IDU07511c9350456304ed20a7a506b67b716cb7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/39500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099736303022315150/IDU07511c9350456304ed20a7a506b67b716cb7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W350861767","https://openalex.org/W1486212401","https://openalex.org/W1504481723","https://openalex.org/W1525108717","https://openalex.org/W1591529606","https://openalex.org/W1975797050","https://openalex.org/W1982528191","https://openalex.org/W1986691647","https://openalex.org/W2003935782","https://openalex.org/W2020874180","https://openalex.org/W2042226937","https://openalex.org/W2053469510","https://openalex.org/W2092793969","https://openalex.org/W2093853845","https://openalex.org/W2097567051","https://openalex.org/W2103652617","https://openalex.org/W2111286724","https://openalex.org/W2128275355","https://openalex.org/W2132403848","https://openalex.org/W2155951279","https://openalex.org/W2267106946","https://openalex.org/W2338477353","https://openalex.org/W2464207816","https://openalex.org/W2527526864","https://openalex.org/W2565632836","https://openalex.org/W2567441317","https://openalex.org/W2765215599","https://openalex.org/W2891593011","https://openalex.org/W2891842623","https://openalex.org/W2944921100","https://openalex.org/W2964383261","https://openalex.org/W3122500601","https://openalex.org/W3122590246","https://openalex.org/W3123150154","https://openalex.org/W3123261979","https://openalex.org/W3124529445","https://openalex.org/W3125743650","https://openalex.org/W3134092184","https://openalex.org/W3159035183","https://openalex.org/W3176369465","https://openalex.org/W3191682518","https://openalex.org/W4213183334","https://openalex.org/W4226349033","https://openalex.org/W4232091141","https://openalex.org/W4238187035","https://openalex.org/W4281689372","https://openalex.org/W4401545442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413247246","https://openalex.org/W2776318462","https://openalex.org/W1635482313","https://openalex.org/W102436954","https://openalex.org/W2394253264","https://openalex.org/W2389398713","https://openalex.org/W4406472816","https://openalex.org/W7171416525","https://openalex.org/W3123632653","https://openalex.org/W2053755288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Countries":[0],"with":[1,22],"greater":[2,31],"commodity":[3],"export":[4],"intensity":[5],"have":[6,43],"more":[7],"concentrated":[8],"markets":[9],"for":[10,60],"imported":[11],"goods.":[12],"Within":[13],"countries":[14],"over":[15],"time,":[16],"import":[17],"market":[18],"concentration":[19,32],"is":[20],"associated":[21],"higher":[23,44],"domestic":[24],"prices,":[25],"suggesting":[26],"that":[27,51],"markups":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30],"outweigh":[33],"any":[34],"potential":[35],"cost":[36],"efficiency.":[37],"Hydrocarbon":[38],"fuel":[39],"exporting":[40],"economies":[41],"especially":[42],"tariffs,":[45],"tariff":[46],"evasion,":[47],"and":[48],"non-tariff":[49],"measures":[50],"concentrate":[52],"markets.":[53],"These":[54],"results":[55],"suggest":[56],"a":[57],"novel":[58],"channel":[59],"the":[61,66],"resource":[62],"curse":[63],"stemming":[64],"from":[65],"monopolization":[67],"of":[68],"imports.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}