{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196434849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.12177","title":"Offensive Language Identification in Low-resourced Code-mixed Dravidian languages using Pseudo-labeling","display_name":"Offensive Language Identification in Low-resourced Code-mixed Dravidian languages using Pseudo-labeling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196434849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.12177","mag":"3196434849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.12177","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12177","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12177","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014765508","display_name":"Adeep Hande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-4836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-4836"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hande, Adeep","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112708291","display_name":"Karthik Puranik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puranik, Karthik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091268865","display_name":"Konthala Yasaswini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasaswini, Konthala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Information Technology Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083987069","display_name":"Ruba Priyadharshini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-1701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-1701"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyadharshini, Ruba","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULTRA Arts and Science College , Madurai , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULTRA Arts and Science College , Madurai , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040351583","display_name":"Sajeetha Thavareesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-5393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-5393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109681","display_name":"Eastern University, Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/01jrs3715","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109681"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thavareesan, Sajeetha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern University , Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern University , Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050584188","display_name":"Sampath Anbukkarasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-8150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0226-8150"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sampath, Anbukkarasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kongu Engineering College , Erode , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kongu Engineering College , Erode , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036753207","display_name":"Kogilavani Shanmugavadivel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-4929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-4929"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanmugavadivel, Kogilavani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kongu Engineering College , Erode , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kongu Engineering College , Erode , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091650616","display_name":"D. Thenmozhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-6628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-6628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916357946","display_name":"Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/054psm803","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thenmozhi, Durairaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024482506","display_name":"Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-7934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-7934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269194","display_name":"Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c01dw55","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269194"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chakravarthi, Bharathi Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics , National University of Ireland Galway , Galway , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics , National University of Ireland Galway , Galway , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350","https://openalex.org/I4405269194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive-language-identification","display_name":"offensive language detection","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-mixed-text","display_name":"code-mixed text","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dravidian-languages","display_name":"Dravidian languages","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamil","display_name":"Tamil language","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kannada","display_name":"Kannada language","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malayalam","display_name":"Malayalam","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudo-labeling","display_name":"pseudo-labeling","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-resource-languages","display_name":"low-resource languages","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media-comments","display_name":"social media comments","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transliteration","display_name":"transliteration","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulmfit","display_name":"ULMFiT","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-trained-language-model-fine-tuning","display_name":"pre-trained language model fine-tuning","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36236","display_name":"Malayalam","level":2,"score":0.9113258719444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140688305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5885","display_name":"Tamil","level":2,"score":0.8359060883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7478845119476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.7302083373069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6419166326522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6059424877166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6039801836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778756302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8097","display_name":"Telugu","level":2,"score":0.5677187442779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5662809014320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.5444695353507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33673","display_name":"Kannada","level":2,"score":0.503520667552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4565664231777191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.44073721766471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2576354146003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.22634616494178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1840629279613495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16300037503242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13038524985313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0788305401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.12177","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12177","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3196434849","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.12177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.12177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.12177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.12177","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12177","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.12177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1351125513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/2289_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1383882326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2809479423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRCLA/2017/129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","funder_display_name":"Irish Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2909665109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/2289_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","funder_display_name":"Irish Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3125555626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12/RC/2289-P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3695527833","display_name":"INSIGHT_Phase 2","funder_award_id":"12/RC/2289_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5098725405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12/RC/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G639259897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/2289\u02d9P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6886149491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Insight_2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","display_name":"Irish Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/051xex213"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196434849.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196434849.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W603417306","https://openalex.org/W612106661","https://openalex.org/W1492737170","https://openalex.org/W1527758775","https://openalex.org/W1724486527","https://openalex.org/W1997135210","https://openalex.org/W2032187745","https://openalex.org/W2035989015","https://openalex.org/W2047449974","https://openalex.org/W2095333428","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2160685721","https://openalex.org/W2251009596","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2525332836","https://openalex.org/W2563826943","https://openalex.org/W2740582239","https://openalex.org/W2767327746","https://openalex.org/W2767422973","https://openalex.org/W2784121710","https://openalex.org/W2798812533","https://openalex.org/W2809598685","https://openalex.org/W2888419746","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2953553271","https://openalex.org/W2953958347","https://openalex.org/W2962993339","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2969662548","https://openalex.org/W2970049541","https://openalex.org/W2973125940","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2983040767","https://openalex.org/W3009799308","https://openalex.org/W3037009325","https://openalex.org/W3105113320","https://openalex.org/W3115903740","https://openalex.org/W3124917515","https://openalex.org/W3130435708","https://openalex.org/W3136055556","https://openalex.org/W3136221257","https://openalex.org/W3152788342","https://openalex.org/W3154552322","https://openalex.org/W3155437768","https://openalex.org/W3156508290","https://openalex.org/W3163314873","https://openalex.org/W3169973903","https://openalex.org/W3190572136","https://openalex.org/W4225705554","https://openalex.org/W4282583618","https://openalex.org/W4393447500","https://openalex.org/W4393743162","https://openalex.org/W6931402511","https://openalex.org/W6959966048"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154350903","https://openalex.org/W3154363817","https://openalex.org/W3154223392","https://openalex.org/W4313367663","https://openalex.org/W4387712772","https://openalex.org/W3148743951","https://openalex.org/W3155060640","https://openalex.org/W4282601549","https://openalex.org/W3213738692","https://openalex.org/W3156334909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,55],"has":[2],"effectively":[3],"become":[4],"the":[5,17,58,77,87,91,105,114,132,138,149,155,172,176,180,191,195,216],"prime":[6],"hub":[7],"of":[8,20,61,134,184,204,211,220],"communication":[9],"and":[10,22,27,40,64,100,159,213,222],"digital":[11],"marketing.":[12],"As":[13,124],"these":[14],"platforms":[15],"enable":[16],"free":[18],"manifestation":[19],"thoughts":[21],"facts":[23],"in":[24,57],"text,":[25],"images":[26],"video,":[28],"there":[29],"is":[30,82],"an":[31],"extensive":[32],"need":[33],"to":[34,37,51,68,117],"screen":[35],"them":[36,161],"protect":[38],"individuals":[39],"groups":[41],"from":[42],"offensive":[43,70],"content":[44],"targeted":[45],"at":[46],"them.":[47],"Our":[48,188],"work":[49],"intends":[50],"classify":[52],"codemixed":[53],"social":[54],"comments/posts":[56],"Dravidian":[59,93,125],"languages":[60,126],"Tamil,":[62],"Kannada,":[63,96],"Malayalam.":[65],"We":[66,141,153,166],"intend":[67],"improve":[69],"language":[71,139,146,157],"identification":[72],"by":[73,84],"generating":[74,102],"pseudo-labels":[75,103,116],"on":[76,148,171,179,198,215],"dataset.":[78,107,152],"A":[79],"custom":[80,120,173],"dataset":[81,121,174],"constructed":[83,151],"transliterating":[85],"all":[86,185],"code-mixed":[88,181,217],"texts":[89],"into":[90],"respective":[92],"language,":[94],"either":[95],"Malayalam,":[97],"or":[98],"Tamil":[99],"then":[101],"for":[104,137],"transliterated":[106],"The":[108],"two":[109],"datasets":[110],"are":[111,127],"combined":[112],"using":[113],"generated":[115],"create":[118],"a":[119,201],"called":[122],"CMTRA.":[123],"under-resourced,":[128],"our":[129],"approach":[130,189],"increases":[131],"amount":[133],"training":[135],"data":[136],"models.":[140],"fine-tune":[142],"several":[143],"recent":[144],"pretrained":[145,156],"models":[147,197],"newly":[150],"extract":[154],"embeddings":[158],"pass":[160],"onto":[162],"recurrent":[163],"neural":[164],"networks.":[165],"observe":[167],"that":[168],"fine-tuning":[169],"ULMFiT":[170],"yields":[175,190],"best":[177,192],"results":[178,193],"test":[182,218],"sets":[183,219],"three":[186],"languages.":[187],"among":[194],"benchmarked":[196],"Tamil-English,":[199],"achieving":[200],"weighted":[202,209],"F1-Score":[203],"0.7934":[205],"while":[206],"scoring":[207],"competitive":[208],"F1-Scores":[210],"0.9624":[212],"0.7306":[214],"Malayalam-English":[221],"Kannada-English,":[223],"respectively.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-09-13T00:00:00"}
