{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196077236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462203.3475896","title":"On-Device Training of Machine Learning Models on Microcontrollers With a Look at Federated Learning","display_name":"On-Device Training of Machine Learning Models on Microcontrollers With a Look at Federated Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196077236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462203.3475896","mag":"3196077236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462203.3475896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462203.3475896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462203.3475896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096333","display_name":"International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good (GoodIT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Conference on Information Technology for Social Good","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/356500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103022122","display_name":"Marc Monfort Grau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1934-8965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1934-8965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Monfort Grau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053609729","display_name":"Roger Pueyo Centelles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-0657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-0657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Pueyo Centelles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066864067","display_name":"F\u00e8lix Freitag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-479X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-479X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Freitag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8987481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"198","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.42329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.42329999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.19629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.07199999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-device-learning","display_name":"on-device learning","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"microcontroller","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"federated learning","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"keyword spotting","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"edge computing","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constrained-devices","display_name":"resource-constrained devices","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.8844670057296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7987015247344971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6499911546707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6437687873840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6430648565292358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6071703433990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5041826963424683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4711647927761078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38272684812545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15261390805244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08480167388916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3462203.3475896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462203.3475896","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3462203.3475896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407096333","display_name":"International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good (GoodIT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Conference on Information Technology for Social Good","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/356500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/356500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/356500","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/356500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2515089198","display_name":"Distributed Stream Processing on Fog and Edge Systems via Transprecise Computing","funder_award_id":"ANR-19-CHR3-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121297948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCI2019-111850-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568772110","https://openalex.org/W2732951378","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2977090839","https://openalex.org/W2978648093","https://openalex.org/W3011347095","https://openalex.org/W3021575660","https://openalex.org/W3199421948","https://openalex.org/W4247306016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213348099","https://openalex.org/W7047339202","https://openalex.org/W6911854359","https://openalex.org/W4385624921","https://openalex.org/W4283273271","https://openalex.org/W3131980911","https://openalex.org/W6981772191","https://openalex.org/W4381682471","https://openalex.org/W7047334771","https://openalex.org/W4405975158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"progress":[1],"in":[2],"machine":[3,16],"learning":[4,17,79],"frameworks":[5],"makes":[6],"it":[7],"now":[8],"possible":[9],"to":[10,42],"run":[11],"an":[12,88],"inference":[13],"with":[14,84,94],"sophisticated":[15],"models":[18],"on":[19,29,59],"tiny":[20],"microcontrollers.":[21,81],"Model":[22],"training,":[23],"however,":[24],"is":[25],"typically":[26],"done":[27],"separately":[28],"powerful":[30],"computers.":[31],"There,":[32],"the":[33,44,56,60,74,95],"training":[34,55,75,86,98],"process":[35,43,76],"has":[36],"abundant":[37],"CPU":[38],"and":[39],"memory":[40],"resources":[41],"stored":[45],"datasets.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,64],"work,":[49],"we":[50,72],"explore":[51],"a":[52,67],"different":[53],"approach:":[54],"model":[57,85],"directly":[58],"microcontroller.":[61],"We":[62],"implement":[63],"approach":[65],"for":[66],"keyword":[68],"spotting":[69],"task.":[70],"Then,":[71],"extend":[73],"using":[77],"federated":[78],"among":[80],"Our":[82],"experiments":[83],"show":[87],"overall":[89],"trend":[90],"of":[91,97],"decreasing":[92],"loss":[93],"increase":[96],"epochs.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-08-30T00:00:00"}
