{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3192834489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","title":"Anchor tuning in Faster R-CNN for measuring corn silage physical characteristics","display_name":"Anchor tuning in Faster R-CNN for measuring corn silage physical characteristics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3192834489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","mag":"3192834489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038829960","display_name":"Christoffer B\u00f8gelund Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-0737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-0737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoffer B\u00f8gelund Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis and Perception Lab Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis and Perception Lab Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019986492","display_name":"Kristian Kirk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLAAS E-Systems, M\u00f8llevej 11, 2990 Niv\u00e5, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLAAS E-Systems, M\u00f8llevej 11, 2990 Niv\u00e5, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022176859","display_name":"Thomas Baltzer Moeslund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-5209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-5209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Moeslund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis and Perception Lab Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis and Perception Lab Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038829960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":{"value":3510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3510},"apc_paid":{"value":3510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3510},"fwci":2.0338,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85500341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"188","issue":null,"first_page":"106344","last_page":"106344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-silage","display_name":"corn silage","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faster-r-cnn","display_name":"Faster R-CNN","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-harvester","display_name":"forage harvester","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-learning","display_name":"transfer learning","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milk-yield-per-cow","display_name":"dairy cow milk yield","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mold-growth","display_name":"mold growth","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660071","display_name":"Silage","level":2,"score":0.9202680587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780500427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351904","display_name":"Stover","level":3,"score":0.6272031664848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776726243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12208391","display_name":"Corn stover","level":3,"score":0.5326288342475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.49306342005729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513193947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211439","display_name":"Fodder","level":2,"score":0.4806458055973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45386648178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.44668376445770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4177687466144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41209501028060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.36395812034606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3491275906562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33883535861968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3218391537666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27185046672821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.266485333442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.21951556205749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15614759922027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.09377163648605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/410104c0-4b83-4d95-a6aa-0705665cd157","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/410104c0-4b83-4d95-a6aa-0705665cd157","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/459273065/1_s2.0_S0168169921003616_main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Rasmussen, C B & Moeslund, T B 2021, 'Anchor tuning in Faster R-CNN for measuring corn silage physical characteristics', Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 188, 106344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G897633530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"7038-00170B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","funder_display_name":"Innovationsfonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313796","display_name":"Innovationsfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/00daj4111"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192834489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3192834489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1577146479","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1964599468","https://openalex.org/W1969840415","https://openalex.org/W1996257806","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2040198120","https://openalex.org/W2058130230","https://openalex.org/W2084392061","https://openalex.org/W2101230126","https://openalex.org/W2150258607","https://openalex.org/W2179844545","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2284861066","https://openalex.org/W2469440724","https://openalex.org/W2497039038","https://openalex.org/W2501369945","https://openalex.org/W2522907898","https://openalex.org/W2537458488","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2611227133","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2747648373","https://openalex.org/W2755562403","https://openalex.org/W2765278422","https://openalex.org/W2784050770","https://openalex.org/W2810862788","https://openalex.org/W2924795689","https://openalex.org/W2956776787","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963179609","https://openalex.org/W2967440861","https://openalex.org/W2971628698","https://openalex.org/W2982399281","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2996011630","https://openalex.org/W3014242237","https://openalex.org/W3015352266","https://openalex.org/W3044449601","https://openalex.org/W3177525997","https://openalex.org/W4245551996","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6735463952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967440861","https://openalex.org/W4213256096","https://openalex.org/W4308175319","https://openalex.org/W3014242237","https://openalex.org/W3044449601","https://openalex.org/W4389572736","https://openalex.org/W2885693473","https://openalex.org/W4387849428","https://openalex.org/W7116700043","https://openalex.org/W2924795689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"measurement":[1],"of":[2,19,58,113,129,173,238,252],"harvested":[3],"corn":[4,114],"silage":[5,30,115],"from":[6,25,137],"forage":[7,53],"harvesters":[8],"can":[9,21,39,55],"be":[10,87],"a":[11,15,52,179,211,228],"critical":[12],"tool":[13],"for":[14,67,84,123,132,151,167,197,207,215,240,245],"farmer.":[16],"Suboptimal":[17],"fragmentation":[18,169,209],"kernels":[20],"affect":[22],"milk":[23],"yield":[24],"dairy":[26],"cows":[27],"when":[28],"the":[29,71,121,142,145,185,201],"is":[31,73],"used":[32],"as":[33],"fodder":[34],"and":[35,64,108,140,156,170,210,243],"oversized":[36,109],"stover":[37,171,217],"particles":[38,110],"promote":[40],"mould":[41],"yielding":[42],"bacteria":[43],"during":[44],"storage":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,86,89,96,104,149,161,175,178,194],"resulting":[48],"air":[49],"pockets.":[50],"As":[51],"harvester":[54],"harvest":[56],"hundreds":[57],"tonnes":[59],"per":[60],"hour,":[61],"an":[62,90,101,236],"efficient":[63],"robust":[65],"system":[66],"measuring":[68],"quality":[69,196],"in":[70,111,144,153,164],"field":[72],"required,":[74],"however,":[75],"current":[76],"methods":[77],"require":[78],"manual":[79],"errorsome":[80],"separation":[81],"steps":[82],"or":[83],"samples":[85,234],"sent":[88],"off-site":[91],"laboratory.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"we":[94,213,226],"propose":[95],"adopt":[97],"Faster":[98],"R-CNN":[99],"with":[100,200,235],"Inceptionv2":[102],"backbone":[103],"detect":[105],"kernel":[106,168,208],"fragments":[107],"images":[112],"taken":[116],"directly":[117],"after":[118],"harvesting":[119],"without":[120],"need":[122],"separating":[124],"particles.":[125],"We":[126],"explore":[127],"strategies":[128],"data":[130],"sampling":[131],"specialist":[133],"models,":[134],"transfer":[135],"learning":[136],"differing":[138],"domains":[139],"tuning":[141],"anchors":[143],"Region":[146],"Proposal":[147],"Network":[148],"accommodate":[150],"changes":[152],"object":[154],"shapes":[155],"sizes.":[157],"Our":[158],"approach":[159],"leads":[160],"significant":[162],"improvements":[163],"average":[165],"precision":[166],"overlengths":[172],"up":[174],"45.2%":[176],"compared":[177],"naive":[180],"model":[181],"development":[182],"approach,":[183],"despite":[184],"challenging":[186],"cluttered":[187],"scenes.":[188],"Additionally,":[189],"our":[190],"models":[191],"are":[192],"able":[193],"predict":[195],"network":[198],"predictions":[199],"Corn":[202],"Silage":[203],"Processing":[204,220],"Score":[205,221],"(CSPS)":[206],"measure":[212],"introduce":[214],"chopped":[216],"named":[218],"Overlength":[219],"(OVPS).":[222],"For":[223],"both":[224],"scores":[225],"obtain":[227],"strong":[229],"correlation":[230],"against":[231],"physically":[232],"measured":[233],"r2":[237],"0.66":[239],"CSPS,":[241],"0.79":[242],"0.95":[244],"OVPS":[246],"at":[247],"two":[248],"verbal":[249],"theoretical":[250],"lengths":[251],"cut.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-08-16T00:00:00"}