{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187586624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","title":"Determinants of health expenditure from global perspective: A panel data analysis","display_name":"Determinants of health expenditure from global perspective: A panel data analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187586624","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","mag":"3187586624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","pdf_url":"https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/306/177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237963","display_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","issn_l":"2664-8148","issn":["2664-8148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3187586624"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/306/177","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430055","display_name":"Muhammad Awais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-1693","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-1693"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178777954","display_name":"Kohat University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057d2v504","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan | Department of Economics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-1693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan | Department of Economics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534","https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064539836","display_name":"Alam Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-0516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-0516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178777954","display_name":"Kohat University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057d2v504","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alam Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-0516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021741098","display_name":"Muhammad Salman Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-6910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-6910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117337","display_name":"Neijiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bc8tz70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Salman Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Political Science and Public Administration, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Political Science and Public Administration, Neijiang Normal University, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":90000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":550},"apc_paid":{"value":90000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":550},"fwci":1.2482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83548989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"481","last_page":"496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12446","display_name":"Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-factors","display_name":"macroeconomic factors","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-remittances","display_name":"personal remittances","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developed-countries","display_name":"developed countries","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-economies","display_name":"transition economies","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-determinants-of-health","display_name":"environmental determinants of health","score":0.7160000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.6786150932312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5999512672424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5512087941169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81737","display_name":"Millennium Development Goals","level":3,"score":0.466969758272171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.4218367338180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.4186423718929291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.41313329339027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4052009582519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.39037394523620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.37616872787475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.351188063621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.34395307302474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16072487831115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11944389343261719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.08688077330589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","pdf_url":"https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/306/177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237963","display_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","issn_l":"2664-8148","issn":["2664-8148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aui:lassij:v:5:y:2021:i:1:p:481-496:id:306","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/view/306/177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aui:lassij:v:5:y:2021:i:1:p:482-499:id:306","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/view/306/177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.31","pdf_url":"https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/306/177","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237963","display_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","issn_l":"2664-8148","issn":["2664-8148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3187586624.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3187586624.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246874536","https://openalex.org/W609905185","https://openalex.org/W1487459611","https://openalex.org/W1501382229","https://openalex.org/W1581042275","https://openalex.org/W1878156352","https://openalex.org/W1988774117","https://openalex.org/W2004335582","https://openalex.org/W2017683947","https://openalex.org/W2019831158","https://openalex.org/W2019901218","https://openalex.org/W2033223396","https://openalex.org/W2044214615","https://openalex.org/W2055924826","https://openalex.org/W2062882434","https://openalex.org/W2087280947","https://openalex.org/W2090238015","https://openalex.org/W2090651857","https://openalex.org/W2103817203","https://openalex.org/W2106826881","https://openalex.org/W2114417034","https://openalex.org/W2114504287","https://openalex.org/W2128444032","https://openalex.org/W2138147157","https://openalex.org/W2141044954","https://openalex.org/W2158275809","https://openalex.org/W2160717754","https://openalex.org/W2161458058","https://openalex.org/W2174079145","https://openalex.org/W2348929918","https://openalex.org/W2474974990","https://openalex.org/W2498601910","https://openalex.org/W2623758090","https://openalex.org/W2744955112","https://openalex.org/W2769664261","https://openalex.org/W2805264062","https://openalex.org/W2806558557","https://openalex.org/W2904257335","https://openalex.org/W2927289547","https://openalex.org/W2941926021","https://openalex.org/W3018775119","https://openalex.org/W3020952182","https://openalex.org/W3083128033","https://openalex.org/W3085736535","https://openalex.org/W3103015670","https://openalex.org/W3121965321","https://openalex.org/W3123546330","https://openalex.org/W4252307431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280564768","https://openalex.org/W3198887010","https://openalex.org/W7126080522","https://openalex.org/W4206529840","https://openalex.org/W4282044560","https://openalex.org/W2932457261","https://openalex.org/W2948513473","https://openalex.org/W2223556906","https://openalex.org/W2464001290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"prominent":[1],"enhancement":[2],"in":[3,29,51],"health":[4,33,52,102,110,155,165],"expenditure":[5,34],"is":[6,40,85,106],"a":[7,63,161,168,175,188],"severe":[8],"apprehension":[9],"for":[10,138],"the":[11,16,30,43,47,56,60,68,82,88,109,122,125,130,134,147,182],"whole":[12],"world":[13],"because":[14],"of":[15,19,22,32,42,46,59,67,81,101,146],"increasing":[17],"cost":[18],"health.":[20],"Consideration":[21],"various":[23],"aspects":[24],"that":[25,150],"are":[26],"playing":[27],"role":[28],"increase":[31],"need":[35],"to":[36,86,107],"be":[37],"considered.":[38],"Health":[39],"one":[41],"significant":[44],"parts":[45],"world,":[48],"therefore,":[49],"improvement":[50],"status":[53],"has":[54,187],"become":[55],"main":[57,79],"objective":[58],"nations":[61],"and":[62,73,90,96,112,118,141],"top":[64],"leading":[65],"goal":[66,80],"Sustainable":[69],"Development":[70,75],"Goals":[71,76],"(SDGs)":[72],"Millennium":[74],"(MDGs).":[77],"The":[78,104,144],"present":[83],"study":[84,148],"investigate":[87],"worldwide,":[89,192],"income-based":[91],"categorized":[92],"countries":[93],"(developed,":[94],"developing,":[95,140],"transitional":[97,142,172],"countries)":[98],"macroeconomic":[99,151],"determinants":[100],"expenditure.":[103],"aim":[105],"estimate":[108],"expenditures,":[111],"its":[113],"impact":[114,170,177,190],"on":[115,164,171,178,191],"demographic,":[116],"economic,":[117],"environmental":[119],"determinants.":[120],"For":[121],"empirical":[123],"analysis,":[124],"data":[126],"was":[127],"retrieved":[128],"from":[129],"World":[131],"Bank,":[132],"covering":[133],"time":[135],"span":[136],"2000-2016":[137],"developed,":[139],"countries.":[143,194],"results":[145],"concluded":[149],"variables":[152],"significantly":[153],"affect":[154],"expenditures.":[156],"Moreover,":[157],"personal":[158],"remittances":[159],"have":[160],"dual":[162],"effect":[163],"expenditure,":[166],"i.e.":[167],"positive":[169],"economies,":[173],"while":[174],"negative":[176,189],"developing":[179],"economies.":[180],"In":[181],"same":[183],"way,":[184],"CO2":[185],"emission":[186],"developed":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2021-08-16T00:00:00"}
