{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187009174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","title":"Evolution of Storm Surges over the Little Ice Age Indicated by Aeolian Sand Records on the Coast of the Beibu Gulf, China","display_name":"Evolution of Storm Surges over the Little Ice Age Indicated by Aeolian Sand Records on the Coast of the Beibu Gulf, China","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187009174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","mag":"3187009174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13141941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/14/1941/pdf?version=1626247655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/14/1941/pdf?version=1626247655","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525363","display_name":"Chen Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8237-1493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8237-1493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151929","display_name":"Nanning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx82x73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China","School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701371","display_name":"Baosheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-5192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-5192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159790","display_name":"Institute of Earth Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04nps9965","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767821","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology","ror":"https://ror.org/03t0yb134","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391767821"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baosheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China","State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159790","https://openalex.org/I4391767821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002349804","display_name":"Fengnian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-0591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-0591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93477617","display_name":"Huizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3s7962","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93477617"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fengnian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93477617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101655617","display_name":"Shuhuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-9816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-9816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103685","display_name":"South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/0192yj155","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108666933","display_name":"Dongfeng Niu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154833797","display_name":"Lingnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h6ecw13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongfeng Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics Science & Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics Science & Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154833797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019788164","display_name":"Yinjun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0111-3694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0111-3694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151929","display_name":"Nanning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx82x73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinjun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101955020","display_name":"Yuejun Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-0751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-0751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151929","display_name":"Nanning Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dx82x73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuejun Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002349804","https://openalex.org/A5101955020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151929","https://openalex.org/I93477617"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":0.1608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37023348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"1941","last_page":"1941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm-surge","display_name":"storm surge","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/little-ice-age","display_name":"Little Ice Age","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeolian-dunes","display_name":"aeolian dunes","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guangxi","display_name":"Guangxi","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/late-holocene","display_name":"Late Holocene","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size-analysis","display_name":"grain size analysis","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-minerals","display_name":"heavy minerals","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-activity","display_name":"solar activity","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunspot-activity","display_name":"sunspot activity","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7299619317054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180093795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215839","display_name":"Aeolian processes","level":2,"score":0.685501217842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22818535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121742","display_name":"Storm surge","level":3,"score":0.6167929172515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.6151627898216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140345934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25445","display_name":"Holocene","level":2,"score":0.5823544263839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112959462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434465","display_name":"Fluvial","level":3,"score":0.5686380863189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146588470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742139","display_name":"Facies","level":3,"score":0.5485143065452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.49419692158699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781449660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182878","display_name":"Dust storm","level":3,"score":0.48639538884162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.47940441966056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205325660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258914","display_name":"Ice core","level":2,"score":0.47861045598983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3515719175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.311759889125824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14448073506355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13141941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/14/1941/pdf?version=1626247655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w13141941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141941","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/14/1941/pdf?version=1626247655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.75,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3947349700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020A1515011071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3187009174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3187009174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75231382","https://openalex.org/W979602225","https://openalex.org/W1490313082","https://openalex.org/W1952204953","https://openalex.org/W1975046902","https://openalex.org/W1981062722","https://openalex.org/W1992519580","https://openalex.org/W1999441400","https://openalex.org/W2006407307","https://openalex.org/W2007012175","https://openalex.org/W2028407126","https://openalex.org/W2033398669","https://openalex.org/W2045419467","https://openalex.org/W2052538065","https://openalex.org/W2052737845","https://openalex.org/W2055113353","https://openalex.org/W2074580567","https://openalex.org/W2076977109","https://openalex.org/W2084673090","https://openalex.org/W2091733992","https://openalex.org/W2093296565","https://openalex.org/W2103687629","https://openalex.org/W2112395946","https://openalex.org/W2127016675","https://openalex.org/W2128349082","https://openalex.org/W2131729896","https://openalex.org/W2146687568","https://openalex.org/W2159525271","https://openalex.org/W2160697700","https://openalex.org/W2171777724","https://openalex.org/W2181023027","https://openalex.org/W2186836799","https://openalex.org/W2525802617","https://openalex.org/W2751172554","https://openalex.org/W2799671020","https://openalex.org/W2906012025","https://openalex.org/W2915531695","https://openalex.org/W2967053244","https://openalex.org/W2973055594","https://openalex.org/W3004695797","https://openalex.org/W4211237278","https://openalex.org/W4255033849","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7139995475","https://openalex.org/W2114111950","https://openalex.org/W7084082515","https://openalex.org/W2990658990","https://openalex.org/W6962968363","https://openalex.org/W4360991323","https://openalex.org/W4386967204","https://openalex.org/W2033398669","https://openalex.org/W2008524894","https://openalex.org/W4367316092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77,103,161],"Wutou":[1],"section,":[2],"hereinafter":[3],"referred":[4,171],"to":[5,121,172,207],"as":[6,173],"\u201cWTS\u201d,":[7],"lies":[8],"in":[9,142,163],"Jiangping,":[10],"Guangxi":[11,49],"Province,":[12],"China":[13],"(21\u00b032\u20328.25\u2033":[14],"N,":[15],"108\u00b006\u203259.9\u2033":[16],"E;":[17],"thickness":[18],"of":[19,24,30,39,45,71,110,129,134,188,196],"246":[20],"cm)":[21],"and":[22,27,68,74,91,100,113,149,180],"consists":[23],"fluvial-lacustrine":[25],"facies":[26],"dune":[28],"sands":[29],"the":[31,37,43,46,51,69,82,126,130,143,146,157,167,186,194,202],"Late":[32],"Holocene.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"reconstructed":[36],"evolution":[38],"storm":[40,83,104,122,137,164,197],"surges":[41,123],"along":[42],"coast":[44],"Beibu":[47],"Gulf,":[48],"over":[50,145],"Little":[52,158],"Ice":[53,159],"Age,":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56],"three":[57],"accelerator":[58],"mass":[59],"spectrometry":[60],"(AMS)-14C,":[61],"optically":[62],"stimulated":[63],"luminescence":[64],"(OSL)":[65],"dating":[66],"ages,":[67],"analyses":[70],"grain":[72,98],"size":[73,99],"heavy":[75,111],"minerals.":[76],"analysis":[78],"results":[79],"indicated":[80],"that":[81,193],"sediments":[84,105],"interspersed":[85],"among":[86],"aeolian":[87],"sands,":[88],"lagoon":[89],"facies,":[90],"weak":[92],"soil":[93],"display":[94],"a":[95,208],"coarse":[96],"mean":[97],"poor":[101],"sorting.":[102],"also":[106],"show":[107],"high":[108],"maturity":[109],"minerals":[112],"low":[114],"stability":[115],"resulting":[116],"from":[117,125],"rapid":[118],"accumulation":[119],"due":[120],"originating":[124],"land-facing":[127],"side":[128],"coastal":[131],"dunes.":[132],"Records":[133],"seven":[135],"peak":[136],"surge":[138,198],"periods":[139,187,195],"were":[140,204],"recorded":[141],"WTS":[144,203],"past":[147],"millennium":[148],"mainly":[150],"occurred":[151],"after":[152],"1400":[153],"AD,":[154],"i.e.,":[155],"during":[156],"Age.":[160],"peaks":[162,199],"surges,":[165],"including":[166],"14Paleostrom":[168],"deposit":[169],"(hereinafter":[170],"\u201cPd\u201d)":[174],"(1425\u20131470AD),":[175],"10Pd":[176],"(1655\u20131690AD),":[177],"6Pd":[178],"(1790\u20131820AD),":[179],"4Pd":[181],"(1850\u20131885AD)":[182],"approximately":[183],"corresponded":[184],"with":[185],"minimum":[189],"sunspot":[190],"activity,":[191],"suggesting":[192],"revealed":[200],"by":[201,211],"probably":[205],"regulated":[206],"great":[209],"extent":[210],"solar":[212],"activity.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}