{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3187003920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","title":"Mobility Trends before and after the Pandemic Outbreak: Analyzing the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona through the Lens of Equality and Sustainability","display_name":"Mobility Trends before and after the Pandemic Outbreak: Analyzing the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona through the Lens of Equality and Sustainability","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3187003920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","mag":"3187003920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13147908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7908/pdf?version=1626697408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7908/pdf?version=1626697408","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059957182","display_name":"Luc\u00eda Mej\u00eda-Dorantes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-0251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-0251"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luc\u00eda Mej\u00eda-Dorantes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Consultant, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-0251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Consultant, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110901591","display_name":"L\u00eddia Montero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-138X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-138X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00eddia Montero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Campus Nord, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-138X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Campus Nord, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069661911","display_name":"Jaume Barcel\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-6434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-6434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaume Barcel\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Campus Nord, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Campus Nord, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059957182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"fwci":4.6104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94908365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"14","first_page":"7908","last_page":"7908"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.5234000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.2736999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.1818999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-patterns","display_name":"movement patterns","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-mobility","display_name":"gender differences in mobility","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility-transport-and-spatial-geography","display_name":"accessibility (transport and spatial geography)","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-inequality","display_name":"social inequality","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"sustainable transport","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barcelona-metropolitan-area","display_name":"Barcelona metropolitan area","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-data","display_name":"smartphone data","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-surveys","display_name":"travel surveys","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-segmentation","display_name":"socioeconomic segmentation","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-planning","display_name":"transportation planning","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.8894903659820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.686660647392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6008579730987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5400230884552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.5388715863227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.531972348690033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5179075598716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5157330632209778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4807022213935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76944698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204671","display_name":"Geographic mobility","level":3,"score":0.46856290102005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.45164865255355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.44937023520469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.43235453963279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.41862356662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.40580305457115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.32748302817344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28638553619384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2666376829147339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.24940744042396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14360177516937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08708974719047546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13147908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7908/pdf?version=1626697408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7908-:d:594815","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7908/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:208e78228c4a4d8783c49cbcb67a32ae","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/208e78228c4a4d8783c49cbcb67a32ae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 7908, p 7908 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/359841","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/359841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13147908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147908","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7908/pdf?version=1626697408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.555899977684021,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3187003920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3187003920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974223645","https://openalex.org/W2041322582","https://openalex.org/W2057744191","https://openalex.org/W2135450045","https://openalex.org/W2747692908","https://openalex.org/W2760618226","https://openalex.org/W2770873541","https://openalex.org/W2898347646","https://openalex.org/W2911496363","https://openalex.org/W2914074617","https://openalex.org/W2943370646","https://openalex.org/W2952201788","https://openalex.org/W2980571354","https://openalex.org/W3083419036","https://openalex.org/W3084391143","https://openalex.org/W3087045115","https://openalex.org/W3093497060","https://openalex.org/W3107707082","https://openalex.org/W3126003273","https://openalex.org/W3126994829","https://openalex.org/W3127887657","https://openalex.org/W3137211870","https://openalex.org/W3138582522","https://openalex.org/W3171040803","https://openalex.org/W3172909100","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299313888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406862372","https://openalex.org/W4288085624","https://openalex.org/W7117362144","https://openalex.org/W7071552031","https://openalex.org/W4293042545","https://openalex.org/W4390765846","https://openalex.org/W4406195345","https://openalex.org/W4389049652","https://openalex.org/W4409694385","https://openalex.org/W7203859256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,115],"spatial":[1,29],"arrangement":[2],"of":[3,7,48,68,90,107],"a":[4,121],"metropolis":[5],"is":[6,23,35],"utmost":[8],"importance":[9],"to":[10,145],"carry":[11],"out":[12],"daily":[13],"activities,":[14],"which":[15,201],"are":[16,96],"constrained":[17],"by":[18,27,38,185],"space":[19],"and":[20,30,62,71,82,109,156,172,193],"time.":[21],"Accessibility":[22],"not":[24],"only":[25],"shaped":[26],"the":[28,49,65,73,103,136,204],"temporal":[31],"dimension,":[32],"but":[33,179],"it":[34],"also":[36,163],"defined":[37],"individual":[39],"characteristics,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,128],"gender,":[43],"impairments,":[44],"or":[45,52],"socioeconomic":[46],"characteristics":[47],"citizens":[50],"living":[51,173],"commuting":[53],"in":[54,64,131],"this":[55],"area.":[56],"This":[57,161],"study":[58,85,162],"analyzes":[59],"mobility":[60,126,148,170],"trends":[61],"patterns":[63,171],"metropolitan":[66,105],"area":[67,106],"Barcelona":[69,108],"before":[70],"after":[72,135],"COVID-19":[74],"pandemic":[75,137],"outbreak,":[76,138],"with":[77,158],"special":[78],"emphasis":[79],"on":[80,87],"gender":[81,119],"equality.":[83],"draws":[86],"multiple":[88],"sources":[89],"information;":[91],"however,":[92],"two":[93,98,110],"main":[94],"datasets":[95],"analyzed:":[97],"traditional":[99],"travel":[100],"surveys":[101],"from":[102,112],"transport":[104,194],"coming":[111],"smartphone":[113],"data.":[114],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118,165],"plays":[120],"relevant":[122],"role":[123],"when":[124],"analyzing":[125],"patterns,":[127,149],"already":[129],"highlighted":[130],"other":[132],"studies,":[133],"but,":[134],"some":[139,176,180],"population":[140,154,177],"groups":[141,155],"were":[142],"more":[143],"likely":[144],"change":[146],"their":[147],"for":[150,175,207],"example,":[151],"highly":[152],"educated":[153],"those":[157],"higher":[159],"income.":[160],"highlights":[164],"e-activities":[166],"may":[167],"shape":[168],"new":[169],"conditions":[174],"segments,":[178],"activities":[181],"cannot":[182],"be":[183],"replaced":[184],"IT":[186],"technologies.":[187],"For":[188],"all":[189],"these":[190],"reasons,":[191],"city":[192],"planning":[195],"should":[196],"foster":[197],"sustainable":[198],"development":[199],"policies,":[200],"will":[202],"provide":[203],"maximum":[205],"benefit":[206],"society.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}