{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186328401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939","title":"Birefringence, dimensionality, and surface influences on organic hybrid electro-optic performance","display_name":"Birefringence, dimensionality, and surface influences on organic hybrid electro-optic performance","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186328401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939","mag":"3186328401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2594939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113854","display_name":"Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces XX","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019787309","display_name":"Lewis E. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-073X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-073X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewis E. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018814572","display_name":"Delwin L. Elder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-3858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-3858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delwin L. Elder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nonlinear Materials Corp. (United States)","Univ. of Washington (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonlinear Materials Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044799984","display_name":"Stephanie J. Benight","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie J. Benight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nonlinear Materials Corp. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonlinear Materials Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043900157","display_name":"Andreas F. Tillack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-3030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-3030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas F. Tillack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065545668","display_name":"Scott R. Hammond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-4039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott R. Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nonlinear Materials Corp. (United States)","Univ. of Washington (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonlinear Materials Corp. (United States)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050007936","display_name":"Wolfgang Heni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-2530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-2530"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Heni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polariton Technologies AG (Switzerland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polariton Technologies AG (Switzerland)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036352955","display_name":"Larry R. Dalton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-0145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-0145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry R. Dalton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007908013","display_name":"Bruce H. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-953X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5579-953X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce H. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Washington (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Washington (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3049,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94149593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11025","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Research","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11025","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Research","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.15199999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11788","display_name":"Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birefringence","display_name":"birefringence","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality","display_name":"dimensionality","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-electrostatics","display_name":"surface electrostatics","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-switching","display_name":"electro-optic switching","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-confinement","display_name":"light confinement","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanophotonic-devices","display_name":"nanophotonic devices","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7485716938972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6656780242919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192468462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533543","display_name":"Chromophore","level":2,"score":0.6308714747428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27289702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2475861","display_name":"Nanophotonics","level":2,"score":0.5906378626823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125743686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108779","display_name":"Birefringence","level":2,"score":0.5665064454078674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94003879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933714","display_name":"Organic semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.43951287865638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3676777184009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2687753438949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2594939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407113854","display_name":"Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces XX","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964024311","https://openalex.org/W1967103910","https://openalex.org/W1967363591","https://openalex.org/W2026436334","https://openalex.org/W2060212880","https://openalex.org/W2064125462","https://openalex.org/W2094025877","https://openalex.org/W2098241358","https://openalex.org/W2107931105","https://openalex.org/W2110901197","https://openalex.org/W2130397204","https://openalex.org/W2315392930","https://openalex.org/W2320272902","https://openalex.org/W2320869217","https://openalex.org/W2326203395","https://openalex.org/W2327546576","https://openalex.org/W2339237988","https://openalex.org/W2477024399","https://openalex.org/W2509286974","https://openalex.org/W2536185887","https://openalex.org/W2583488113","https://openalex.org/W2626459706","https://openalex.org/W2798456652","https://openalex.org/W2891233357","https://openalex.org/W2892135951","https://openalex.org/W3000615977","https://openalex.org/W3007244567","https://openalex.org/W3128789351","https://openalex.org/W4200593952","https://openalex.org/W4245507202","https://openalex.org/W4362597599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6997440050","https://openalex.org/W4412416856","https://openalex.org/W4299578409","https://openalex.org/W3200387645","https://openalex.org/W2749999536","https://openalex.org/W2973012718","https://openalex.org/W4210633161","https://openalex.org/W3187143113","https://openalex.org/W2887526148","https://openalex.org/W4301179585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"organic":[1,11],"electro-optic":[2,39,49,195],"(OEO)":[3],"devices":[4,66],"consist":[5],"of":[6,9,16,33,42,80,108,121,132,166],"a":[7,98,156],"layer":[8],"ordered":[10,96],"chromophores":[12,92],"confined":[13,26],"between":[14,139],"layers":[15],"metals":[17],"or":[18,100],"semiconductors,":[19],"enabling":[20],"optical":[21],"fields":[22],"to":[23,90,111,117,124,162,186],"be":[24,94,160,189],"tightly":[25],"within":[27],"the":[28,37,88,164],"OEO":[29,45,109,175],"material.":[30],"The":[31],"combination":[32],"tight":[34],"confinement":[35],"with":[36],"high":[38,133,179],"(EO)":[40],"performance":[41,51,82,123,180],"state-of-the":[43],"art":[44],"materials":[46,110,122,176],"enables":[47],"exceptional":[48],"switching":[50],"in":[52,64],"silicon-organic":[53],"hybrid":[54,58],"(SOH)":[55],"and":[56,72,86,141,145,191],"plasmonic-organic":[57],"(POH)":[59],"device":[60,81,113,125,170,196],"architectures.":[61],"Recent":[62],"records":[63],"POH":[65],"include":[67],"bandwidths":[68],"<":[69,75],"500":[70],"GHz":[71],"energy":[73],"efficiency":[74],"100":[76],"aJ/bit.":[77],"However,":[78],"optimization":[79],"requires":[83],"both":[84],"understanding":[85],"improving":[87],"degree":[89],"which":[91],"can":[93,159],"acentrically":[95],"near":[97],"metal":[99],"semiconductor":[101],"interface.":[102],"Applying":[103],"bulk":[104],"and/or":[105],"isotropic":[106],"models":[107,154],"nanophotonic":[112],"architectures":[114],"often":[115],"lead":[116],"overly":[118],"optimistic":[119],"translation":[120],"performance.":[126],"Prior":[127],"work":[128],"has":[129],"identified":[130],"influences":[131,165],"centrosymmetric":[134,142],"order":[135,143],"(birefringence),":[136],"altered":[137],"relations":[138],"acentric":[140],"(dimensionality),":[144],"surface":[146],"electrostatics":[147],"on":[148,169],"chromophore":[149],"ordering.":[150],"We":[151],"combine":[152],"these":[153,167],"into":[155],"representation":[157],"that":[158],"used":[161],"understand":[163],"phenomena":[168],"performance,":[171],"how":[172,183],"some":[173],"prior":[174],"exhibited":[177],"unusually":[178],"under":[181],"confinement,":[182],"ordering":[184],"close":[185],"surfaces":[187],"may":[188],"improved,":[190],"implications":[192],"for":[193],"future":[194],"design.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}