{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183978005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","title":"Productivity and Resource Use in a Maize-Grain Legume Intercropping System in Punjab, Pakistan","display_name":"Productivity and Resource Use in a Maize-Grain Legume Intercropping System in Punjab, Pakistan","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183978005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","mag":"3183978005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26277462","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","issn_l":"1560-8530","issn":["1560-8530","1814-9596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113243","host_organization_name":"Friends Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Friends Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ayesha Ilyas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Ilyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan","Department of Botany , Govt. College University , Lahore , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Govt. College University , Lahore , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Khalid Hussain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030622259","display_name":"Irshad Bibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-2841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-2841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irshad bibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instititute of Soil & Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instititute of Soil & Environmental Sciences , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054195940","display_name":"Amina Ilyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-869X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-869X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43879129","display_name":"Government College University, Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/040gec961","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amina Ilyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan","Department of Botany , Govt. College University , Lahore , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , Govt. College University , Lahore , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aftab Wajid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aftab Wajid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nasir Mehmood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158239","display_name":"Government College Women University Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/05rq0zy06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158239"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Government College Women University , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Government College Women University , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158239"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Riaz Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riaz Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thomas Hilger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110079840","display_name":"University of Hohenheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00b1c9541","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hilger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute) (490) , University of Hohenheim Stuttgart - Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute) (490) , University of Hohenheim Stuttgart - Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110079840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43879129","https://openalex.org/I61623833"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45494558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13009","display_name":"Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mungbean","display_name":"mungbean","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cowpea","display_name":"cowpea","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-equivalent-ratio","display_name":"land equivalent ratio","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-economic-return","display_name":"net economic return","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-resource-utilization","display_name":"land resource utilization","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punjab-pakistan","display_name":"Punjab, Pakistan","score":0.7049999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853859","display_name":"Intercropping","level":2,"score":0.9820540547370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776632002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145909","display_name":"Legume","level":2,"score":0.7620666027069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7439889907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157005057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220212","display_name":"Monoculture","level":2,"score":0.6434417366981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5850170850753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.5679003596305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5323081016540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776394811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3634497","display_name":"Cropping system","level":3,"score":0.4997677803039551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4876369535923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.41474977135658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.39729976654052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33572548627853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26277462","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","issn_l":"1560-8530","issn":["1560-8530","1814-9596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113243","host_organization_name":"Friends Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Friends Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1755","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26277462","display_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","issn_l":"1560-8530","issn":["1560-8530","1814-9596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113243","host_organization_name":"Friends Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Friends Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4390000104904175,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326275","display_name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183978005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3183978005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490388999","https://openalex.org/W1610015636","https://openalex.org/W1971817765","https://openalex.org/W2022075581","https://openalex.org/W2027585149","https://openalex.org/W2040235498","https://openalex.org/W2087364624","https://openalex.org/W2104515103","https://openalex.org/W2152487935","https://openalex.org/W2163218313","https://openalex.org/W2165327145","https://openalex.org/W2182035953","https://openalex.org/W2257516577","https://openalex.org/W2266153970","https://openalex.org/W2331722840","https://openalex.org/W2756197577","https://openalex.org/W2769270467","https://openalex.org/W2769913983","https://openalex.org/W2889134538","https://openalex.org/W3011960343","https://openalex.org/W3012133758","https://openalex.org/W3165439112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413328900","https://openalex.org/W2308118178","https://openalex.org/W2233777783","https://openalex.org/W7169728975","https://openalex.org/W324696961","https://openalex.org/W4386581533","https://openalex.org/W7167708737","https://openalex.org/W2255444047","https://openalex.org/W7216383081","https://openalex.org/W2022932869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intercropping":[0],"is":[1,23],"considered":[2],"as":[3],"an":[4],"improved":[5],"system":[6,191],"of":[7,21,30,36,65,85,176,229],"multiple":[8],"cropping":[9,104,144],"systems":[10,224,239],"which":[11,39],"safeguards":[12],"crop":[13,17],"stand":[14],"and":[15,55,70,77,82,92,106,112,118,126,140,158,160,166,216,233],"improves":[16],"production.The":[18],"main":[19],"goal":[20],"intercropping":[22,62,83,116,164,190,223,238],"to":[24,52],"produce":[25],"high":[26],"yield":[27,98,132],"from":[28,185],"piece":[29],"a":[31,46,59],"land":[32,230],"by":[33,45],"judicious":[34],"use":[35,57],"available":[37],"resources":[38],"otherwise":[40],"may":[41],"not":[42],"be":[43],"exploited":[44],"single":[47],"crop.A":[48],"study":[49],"was":[50,99,136,151,183],"executed":[51],"investigate":[53],"productivity":[54],"resource":[56,231],"in":[58,101,133,138,153,227,248],"maize-grain":[60,221,236],"legume":[61,222,237],"at":[63],"University":[64],"Agriculture,":[66],"Faisalabad":[67],"during":[68,124,145,168,198,213],"2017":[69,125,199],"2018.Experimental":[71],"treatments":[72],"included":[73],"maize,":[74],"mungbean,":[75,88],"mash-bean,":[76,91],"cowpea":[78,156],"monocultures":[79],"(sole":[80],"crops),":[81],"combinations":[84],"maize":[86,89,93,96,102,113,154,161,186],"+":[87,90,94,114,155,162,187],"cowpea.Highest":[95],"grain":[97,134],"observed":[100,137],"sole":[103,143],"(6520":[105],"6813":[107],"kg":[108,120],"ha":[109,121,179,203],"-1":[110,122,180,204],")":[111,123],"mungbean":[115,163],"(6375":[117],"6542":[119],"2018":[127],"growing":[128],"seasons,":[129],"respectively.Maximum":[130,171],"seed":[131],"legumes":[135],"mung":[139],"mash":[141,188],"bean":[142,189],"both":[146,169],"years.Land":[147],"equivalent":[148],"ratio":[149,196,211],"(LER)":[150],"maximum":[152],"(1.83":[157],"1.87)":[159],"(1.77":[165],"1.80)":[167],"years,":[170],"net":[172],"economic":[173,234],"return":[174],"(ER)":[175],"PKR":[177,201],"134158":[178],"(\u2248900":[181],"USD)":[182,206],"obtained":[184],"with":[192,208],"highest":[193],"benefit":[194,209],"cost":[195,210],"(2.03)":[197],"while":[200],"149358":[202],"(\u22481003":[205],"along":[207],"(2.15)":[212],"2018.Overall,":[214],"LER":[215],"ER":[217],"results":[218],"indicated":[219],"that":[220],"were":[225],"beneficial":[226],"terms":[228],"utilization":[232],"returns.The":[235],"are":[240],"more":[241],"sustainable":[242],"option":[243],"for":[244],"small":[245],"land-holding":[246],"farmers":[247],"Pakistan.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}
