{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179123786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","title":"Growth or Displacement? A Metro Line's Causal Impact on the Spatial Distribution of Business Units and Employment: Evidence from London","display_name":"Growth or Displacement? A Metro Line's Causal Impact on the Spatial Distribution of Business Units and Employment: Evidence from London","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179123786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","mag":"3179123786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3272152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062547062","display_name":"Csaba G. Pogonyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-0963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-0963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Csaba G. Pogonyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-0963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057071824","display_name":"Daniel J. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-8737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-8737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054164134","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Carb\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-898X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7446-898X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose M. Carbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062547062"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metro-lines","display_name":"metro lines","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rail-transit","display_name":"urban rail transit","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-distribution","display_name":"employment distribution","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution-of-economic-activity","display_name":"spatial distribution of economic activity","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement-effects","display_name":"displacement effects","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-evaluation","display_name":"project evaluation","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport-investment","display_name":"public transport investment","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5955014824867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5148977041244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42159390449523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3985022306442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.37863096594810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3537837266921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3311666250228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.32969704270362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3225839138031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.32007724046707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2227899730205536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19912880659103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11598154902458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3272152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3272152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3272152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.9333000183105469},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G516865723","display_name":"Airport Capacity Consequences Leveraging Aviation Integrated Modelling (ACCLAIM)","funder_award_id":"EP/M027988/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579630777","https://openalex.org/W1733763653","https://openalex.org/W1843702714","https://openalex.org/W2015390938","https://openalex.org/W2058559553","https://openalex.org/W2061794449","https://openalex.org/W2067082711","https://openalex.org/W2074717914","https://openalex.org/W2085020485","https://openalex.org/W2113359971","https://openalex.org/W2145646581","https://openalex.org/W2167329470","https://openalex.org/W2167683892","https://openalex.org/W2168707163","https://openalex.org/W2249756978","https://openalex.org/W2286785743","https://openalex.org/W2318160089","https://openalex.org/W2344665610","https://openalex.org/W2475757023","https://openalex.org/W2563457600","https://openalex.org/W2761118788","https://openalex.org/W2768659374","https://openalex.org/W2791964169","https://openalex.org/W2889260602","https://openalex.org/W3021822145","https://openalex.org/W3023230042","https://openalex.org/W3025226564","https://openalex.org/W3122769140","https://openalex.org/W3122984467","https://openalex.org/W4233586650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3170687950","https://openalex.org/W2941740240","https://openalex.org/W100682293","https://openalex.org/W3009092633","https://openalex.org/W2084711289","https://openalex.org/W7071794591","https://openalex.org/W7154619601","https://openalex.org/W3136698674","https://openalex.org/W4414816998","https://openalex.org/W3114295829"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2021-07-19T00:00:00"}