{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178680873","doi":null,"title":"What underlies rapid learning and systematic generalization in humans.","display_name":"What underlies rapid learning and systematic generalization in humans.","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178680873","mag":"3178680873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3178680873","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.06994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.06994","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andy Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-2245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-2245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University ()"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-2245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020224649","display_name":"James L. McClelland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-405X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-405X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James L. McClelland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University ()"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University ()","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.18299999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.18299999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.12630000710487366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.10890000313520432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-learning","display_name":"rapid learning","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-generalization","display_name":"systematic generalization","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-thinking","display_name":"abstract thinking","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-limitations","display_name":"neural network limitations","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-distribution-generalization","display_name":"out-of-distribution generalization","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-from-explanations","display_name":"learning from explanations","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-in-education","display_name":"instructional feedback","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"mathematics education","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-learning","display_name":"meta-learning","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-constraints","display_name":"domain-specific constraints","score":0.4169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.8567655086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6648765206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5952044129371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.592932939529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5864359140396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5527884364128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4577476382255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4564438462257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.45412129163742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4455109238624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4316122531890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42053312063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34083497524261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32567280530929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.15465456247329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1149878203868866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3178680873","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.06994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3178680873","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.06994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145832685","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1584697775","https://openalex.org/W1596616866","https://openalex.org/W1902490029","https://openalex.org/W1969361636","https://openalex.org/W1997480541","https://openalex.org/W2008253273","https://openalex.org/W2029949252","https://openalex.org/W2073257493","https://openalex.org/W2096431694","https://openalex.org/W2101602574","https://openalex.org/W2108617939","https://openalex.org/W2118373646","https://openalex.org/W2127770685","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2141927550","https://openalex.org/W2142437260","https://openalex.org/W2144862731","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2194321275","https://openalex.org/W2194690080","https://openalex.org/W2225340466","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2328078142","https://openalex.org/W2530887700","https://openalex.org/W2550182557","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2623152124","https://openalex.org/W2624614404","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2749069611","https://openalex.org/W2902117899","https://openalex.org/W2911637930","https://openalex.org/W2963005248","https://openalex.org/W2963267799","https://openalex.org/W2963693726","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2996024397","https://openalex.org/W3015606043","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3088418428","https://openalex.org/W3113184484","https://openalex.org/W4235344441","https://openalex.org/W6930969203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392172164","https://openalex.org/W7066210007","https://openalex.org/W2092095457","https://openalex.org/W2979422779","https://openalex.org/W3010303233","https://openalex.org/W2744198306","https://openalex.org/W7106273800","https://openalex.org/W4385894695","https://openalex.org/W2805478747","https://openalex.org/W7140262749"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,31,34,46,83,86,101,122,127,139,149,177],"groundbreaking":[2],"successes":[3],"of":[4,36,48,85,93,148,169,179],"neural":[5,96],"networks,":[6],"contemporary":[7],"models":[8],"require":[9],"extensive":[10],"training":[11,87],"with":[12,131,138],"massive":[13],"datasets":[14],"and":[15,27,67,78,99,137,157,173],"exhibit":[16],"poor":[17],"out-of-sample":[18],"generalization.":[19],"One":[20],"proposed":[21],"solution":[22],"is":[23,103],"to":[24,56,80,105,124,141,175],"build":[25],"systematicity":[26],"domain-specific":[28],"constraints":[29],"into":[30],"model,":[32,98],"echoing":[33],"tenets":[35],"classical,":[37],"symbolic":[38],"cognitive":[39],"architectures.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,49],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"consider":[45],"limitations":[47],"approach":[50],"by":[51,111],"examining":[52],"human":[53,75,119],"adults'":[54],"ability":[55,79,123,140],"learn":[57],"an":[58],"abstract":[59,181],"reasoning":[60],"task":[61],"from":[62,91,118],"a":[63,94,143,165],"brief":[64],"instructional":[65],"tutorial":[66],"explanatory":[68],"feedback":[69],"for":[70],"incorrect":[71],"responses,":[72],"demonstrating":[73],"that":[74,100,121,154,183],"learning":[76,156],"dynamics":[77],"generalize":[81],"outside":[82],"range":[84],"examples":[88],"differ":[89],"drastically":[90],"those":[92],"representative":[95],"network":[97],"model":[102],"brittle":[104],"changes":[106],"in":[107,160],"features":[108],"not":[109],"anticipated":[110],"its":[112],"authors.":[113],"We":[114,152],"present":[115],"further":[116],"evidence":[117],"data":[120],"consistently":[125],"solve":[126],"puzzles":[128],"was":[129],"associated":[130],"education,":[132,136],"particularly":[133],"basic":[134],"mathematics":[135],"provide":[142],"reliably":[144],"identifiable,":[145],"valid":[146],"description":[147],"strategy":[150],"used.":[151],"propose":[153],"rapid":[155],"systematic":[158],"generalization":[159],"humans":[161],"may":[162],"depend":[163],"on":[164],"gradual,":[166],"experience-dependent":[167],"process":[168],"learning-to-learn":[170],"using":[171],"instructions":[172],"explanations":[174],"guide":[176],"construction":[178],"explicit":[180],"rules":[182],"support":[184],"generalizable":[185],"inferences.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-07-19T00:00:00"}
