{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178314404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","title":"Effect of the interaction of corrosion pits among multiple tensile rebars on the reliability of RC structures: Experimental and numerical investigation","display_name":"Effect of the interaction of corrosion pits among multiple tensile rebars on the reliability of RC structures: Experimental and numerical investigation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178314404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","mag":"3178314404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1507157","display_name":"Structural Safety","issn_l":"0167-4730","issn":["0167-4730","1879-3355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045890033","display_name":"Supasit Srivaranun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-694X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-694X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Supasit Srivaranun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090176087","display_name":"Mitsuyoshi Akiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-2159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-2159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mitsuyoshi Akiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021347662","display_name":"Paolo Bocchini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-2283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-2283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Bocchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034481003","display_name":"Vasileios Christou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-8852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-8852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Christou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077403931","display_name":"Dan M. Frangopol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-0683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-0683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan M. Frangopol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University, 117 ATLSS Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068415395","display_name":"Hiroyuki Fukushima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-9892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-9892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Fukushima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Keisuke Masuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405276521","display_name":"Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05m4eep89","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405276521"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Masuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Nippon Expressway Co. Ltd., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Nippon Expressway Co. Ltd., Nagoya 460-0003, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405276521"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090176087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"fwci":4.0421,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94273349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":null,"first_page":"102115","last_page":"102115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-induced-corrosion","display_name":"chloride-induced corrosion","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete","display_name":"reinforced concrete","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transverse-correlation-function","display_name":"transverse correlation function","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-representation-method","display_name":"spectral representation method","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-bending-capacity","display_name":"ultimate bending capacity","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-probability","display_name":"failure probability","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerated-corrosion","display_name":"accelerated corrosion","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.7470085024833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.697141170501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6837818622589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6527854204177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113740112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5904738","display_name":"Slab","level":2,"score":0.6118558645248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.529945969581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.47543764114379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.47225135564804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.45983049273490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3959372639656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16870522499084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1507157","display_name":"Structural Safety","issn_l":"0167-4730","issn":["0167-4730","1879-3355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1507157","display_name":"Structural Safety","issn_l":"0167-4730","issn":["0167-4730","1879-3355"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Structural Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4447841902","display_name":"Disaster management of structures and infrastructures affected by the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake for resilience enhancement","funder_award_id":"19H00813","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7axw05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37705667","https://openalex.org/W112129486","https://openalex.org/W932603784","https://openalex.org/W1964781015","https://openalex.org/W1966317316","https://openalex.org/W1967364225","https://openalex.org/W1981019604","https://openalex.org/W1986646550","https://openalex.org/W1988613593","https://openalex.org/W1989267357","https://openalex.org/W1989383456","https://openalex.org/W1999369574","https://openalex.org/W2008525150","https://openalex.org/W2018742520","https://openalex.org/W2022529649","https://openalex.org/W2024056650","https://openalex.org/W2024177654","https://openalex.org/W2032686092","https://openalex.org/W2034799310","https://openalex.org/W2035894474","https://openalex.org/W2038030613","https://openalex.org/W2039869971","https://openalex.org/W2044783924","https://openalex.org/W2046479841","https://openalex.org/W2048447328","https://openalex.org/W2060359562","https://openalex.org/W2060962966","https://openalex.org/W2067896443","https://openalex.org/W2075367124","https://openalex.org/W2075613333","https://openalex.org/W2087215204","https://openalex.org/W2090076230","https://openalex.org/W2105948639","https://openalex.org/W2151262637","https://openalex.org/W2276565394","https://openalex.org/W2460173238","https://openalex.org/W2519929781","https://openalex.org/W2575141391","https://openalex.org/W2766510162","https://openalex.org/W2775577807","https://openalex.org/W2944204890","https://openalex.org/W2944221064","https://openalex.org/W2944461191","https://openalex.org/W3089177500","https://openalex.org/W3155426500","https://openalex.org/W4251807571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084408954","https://openalex.org/W3160119306","https://openalex.org/W2519929781","https://openalex.org/W2944461191","https://openalex.org/W2008525150","https://openalex.org/W2590837804","https://openalex.org/W4315780887","https://openalex.org/W3025781283","https://openalex.org/W4390469564","https://openalex.org/W2276565394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"deterioration":[1],"of":[2,16,36,48,51,60,94,99,144,161,170,179,187],"reinforced":[3],"concrete":[4],"(RC)":[5],"structures":[6,146],"due":[7],"to":[8,21,85,106,155],"chloride-induced":[9],"corrosion":[10,52,110],"is":[11],"not":[12],"spatially":[13],"uniform":[14],"because":[15],"the":[17,34,46,49,58,89,92,95,109,119,124,157,168,171,184],"spatial":[18,125],"variability":[19],"related":[20],"material":[22],"properties":[23],"and":[24,73],"environmental":[25],"stressors.":[26],"This":[27],"variation":[28],"has":[29],"a":[30],"substantial":[31],"effect":[32,47,169],"on":[33,45,57,80,118,183],"reliability":[35,59],"RC":[37,61,81,145,162,188],"structures.":[38,62,163],"However,":[39],"few":[40],"experimental":[41,68,90],"studies":[42],"have":[43],"focused":[44],"interaction":[50],"pits":[53,111],"among":[54,174],"tensile":[55,181],"rebars":[56,114,182],"Therefore,":[63],"in":[64,112],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"an":[67,165],"procedure":[69],"that":[70],"incorporates":[71],"X-ray":[72],"digital":[74],"image":[75],"processing":[76],"techniques":[77],"was":[78,104,153,190],"conducted":[79,154],"slab":[82],"specimens":[83],"subjected":[84],"accelerated":[86],"corrosion.":[87],"Using":[88],"results,":[91],"parameter":[93],"transverse":[96,172],"correlation":[97,173],"function":[98],"steel":[100,126,149,175],"weight":[101,127,150,176],"loss":[102,128,151,177],"distributions":[103,129,152,178],"estimated":[105],"investigate":[107],"how":[108],"corroded":[113],"are":[115],"correlated.":[116],"Based":[117],"experimentally":[120],"obtained":[121],"model":[122],"parameters,":[123],"were":[130],"simulated":[131,148],"by":[132],"spectral":[133],"representation":[134],"method.":[135],"A":[136],"three-dimensional":[137],"(3D)":[138],"nonlinear":[139],"finite":[140],"element":[141],"(FE)":[142],"analysis":[143],"with":[147],"obtain":[156],"ultimate":[158],"bending":[159],"capacity":[160],"In":[164],"illustrative":[166],"example,":[167],"multiple":[180],"failure":[185],"probability":[186],"girders":[189],"quantified.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-07-19T00:00:00"}