{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177112239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","title":"Zero-shot Label-Aware Event Trigger and Argument Classification","display_name":"Zero-shot Label-Aware Event Trigger and Argument Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177112239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","mag":"3177112239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.114.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605144","display_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.114.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445028","display_name":"Hongming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-6484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-6484"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427168","display_name":"Haoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-273X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-273X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-843X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023802054","display_name":"Dan Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1447-5173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1447-5173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9487,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95066876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1331","last_page":"1340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-shot-learning","display_name":"zero-shot learning","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-trained-language-models","display_name":"pre-trained language models","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representational-similarity","display_name":"representational similarity","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace2005","display_name":"ACE2005","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-constraints","display_name":"semantic constraints","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778344882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278938","display_name":"Shot (pellet)","level":2,"score":0.6515631675720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6250351667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5721350312232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5443413257598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47214701771736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36791810393333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3319651484489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11910009384155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07444390654563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.114.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605144","display_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-116450","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-116450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-116450","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-116450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.114","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.114.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605144","display_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1472423617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-19-2-1004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G638997368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-19051600006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","funder_display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312530","display_name":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337349","display_name":"NIH Office of the Director","ror":"https://ror.org/00fj8a872"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177112239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3177112239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W746911252","https://openalex.org/W1566346388","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W2101293500","https://openalex.org/W2108281845","https://openalex.org/W2108743083","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2120779048","https://openalex.org/W2165516035","https://openalex.org/W2185615741","https://openalex.org/W2250999640","https://openalex.org/W2285986798","https://openalex.org/W2296308987","https://openalex.org/W2379607630","https://openalex.org/W2512522169","https://openalex.org/W2533513334","https://openalex.org/W2551435619","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2799940824","https://openalex.org/W2804950885","https://openalex.org/W2806070455","https://openalex.org/W2936215830","https://openalex.org/W2962756504","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963360413","https://openalex.org/W2964071174","https://openalex.org/W2970200208","https://openalex.org/W2972140869","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W3035229828","https://openalex.org/W3158986179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115146967","https://openalex.org/W4386576861","https://openalex.org/W4404250004","https://openalex.org/W3207845731","https://openalex.org/W3197503334","https://openalex.org/W2963360413","https://openalex.org/W3199247012","https://openalex.org/W3102925419","https://openalex.org/W2071968392","https://openalex.org/W4410051208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"events":[1,58,91,111],"and":[2,47,64,88,149,163],"mapping":[3],"them":[4,67],"to":[5,43,68,92,129,137,168],"a":[6,50,69,76],"pre-defined":[7],"taxonomy":[8,71],"of":[9,32,72,109,114,121,123,160,165,177],"event":[10,34,52,73,122],"types":[11,74,95],"has":[12,21,146],"long":[13],"been":[14],"an":[15],"important":[16],"NLP":[17],"problem.Most":[18],"previous":[19,178],"work":[20],"relied":[22],"heavily":[23],"on":[24,141],"labor-intensive,":[25],"domain-specific,":[26],"annotation,":[27,155],"ignoring":[28],"the":[29,33,37,93,101,107,110,119,131,142,161,166,169,175],"semantic":[30,170],"meaning":[31],"types'":[35],"labels.Consequently,":[36],"learned":[38],"models":[39],"cannot":[40],"effectively":[41],"generalize":[42],"new":[44],"label":[45,81],"taxonomies":[46],"domains.We":[48],"propose":[49],"zero-shot":[51,77,179],"extraction":[53],"approach,":[54],"which":[55,145],"first":[56],"identifies":[57],"with":[59],"existing":[60],"tools":[61],"(e.g.,":[62,112],"SRL)":[63],"then":[65],"maps":[66],"given":[70],"in":[75],"manner.Specifically,":[78],"we":[79,104,156],"leverage":[80],"representations":[82],"induced":[83],"by":[84],"pre-trained":[85],"language":[86],"models,":[87],"map":[89,158],"identified":[90],"target":[94],"via":[96],"representation":[97],"similarity.To":[98],"semantically":[99],"type":[100,115,124],"events'":[102],"arguments,":[103],"further":[105],"use":[106],"definition":[108],"argument":[113,120,151],"\"Victim\"":[116],"appears":[117],"as":[118,126],"\"Attack\")":[125],"global":[127],"constraints":[128],"regularize":[130],"prediction.The":[132],"proposed":[133],"approach":[134],"is":[135],"shown":[136],"be":[138],"very":[139],"effective":[140],"ACE-2005":[143],"dataset,":[144],"33":[147],"trigger":[148],"22":[150],"types.Without":[152],"using":[153],"any":[154],"successfully":[157],"83%":[159],"triggers":[162],"54%":[164],"arguments":[167],"correct":[171],"types,":[172],"almost":[173],"doubling":[174],"performance":[176],"approaches":[180],"1":[181],".":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}
