{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3177004271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab204","title":"Differential Pain Presentations Observed across Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories after Combat Injury","display_name":"Differential Pain Presentations Observed across Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories after Combat Injury","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3177004271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab204","mag":"3177004271","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34181003","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8633788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/pm/pnab204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191903559","display_name":"Pain Medicine","issn_l":"1526-2375","issn":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8633788","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088549993","display_name":"Nicholas A. Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-6214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-6214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas A Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-6214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087549122","display_name":"Therese S. Richmond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-2621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-2621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Therese S Richmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085578019","display_name":"John T. Farrar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-5157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-5157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John T Farrar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029954868","display_name":"Chester C. Buckenmaier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-5525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-5525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148314036","display_name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04r3kq386","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125186","display_name":"Defense & Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management","ror":"https://ror.org/03ytzg339","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148314036","https://openalex.org/I4210125186"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chester C \u2018Trip\u2019 Buckenmaier III","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148314036","https://openalex.org/I4210125186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109248332","display_name":"Rollin M. Gallagher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133394","display_name":"Philadelphia VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j05zz84","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133394","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rollin M Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Health Equities Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Health Equities Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071841919","display_name":"Rosemary C. Polomano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-6081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-6081"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosemary C Polomano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088549993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":{"value":4326,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4326},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73115944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"11","first_page":"2638","last_page":"2647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ptsd-symptom-trajectories","display_name":"PTSD symptom trajectories","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-injuries","display_name":"war injuries","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-ptsd","display_name":"chronic PTSD","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-intensity","display_name":"pain intensity","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-interference","display_name":"pain interference","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-anesthesia","display_name":"regional anesthesia","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-casualty-care","display_name":"combat casualty care","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7054296135902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.5327081084251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4712812304496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4133182764053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.33688071370124817}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/pm/pnab204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191903559","display_name":"Pain Medicine","issn_l":"1526-2375","issn":["1526-2375","1526-4637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8633788","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8633788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:34181003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34181003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8633788","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8633788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pain Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7738786779","display_name":"The Effect of Regional Anesthesia on Health Outcomes after Combat Injury","funder_award_id":"1f31nr017151-01a1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8732552472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F31 NR017151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3zfr79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483522678","https://openalex.org/W1965012562","https://openalex.org/W1966892791","https://openalex.org/W1975112340","https://openalex.org/W1989155717","https://openalex.org/W1993378529","https://openalex.org/W2004733995","https://openalex.org/W2005764954","https://openalex.org/W2021793765","https://openalex.org/W2030510334","https://openalex.org/W2041439514","https://openalex.org/W2056933155","https://openalex.org/W2058608171","https://openalex.org/W2082246284","https://openalex.org/W2085548231","https://openalex.org/W2086511861","https://openalex.org/W2094731915","https://openalex.org/W2094767740","https://openalex.org/W2105045881","https://openalex.org/W2105296593","https://openalex.org/W2110775302","https://openalex.org/W2117408205","https://openalex.org/W2126472813","https://openalex.org/W2140441724","https://openalex.org/W2147917457","https://openalex.org/W2156156529","https://openalex.org/W2162590371","https://openalex.org/W2163193794","https://openalex.org/W2257876134","https://openalex.org/W2280450641","https://openalex.org/W2320909684","https://openalex.org/W2323963070","https://openalex.org/W2398765219","https://openalex.org/W2413573154","https://openalex.org/W2434747772","https://openalex.org/W2515541350","https://openalex.org/W2756263737","https://openalex.org/W2791457204","https://openalex.org/W2800943038","https://openalex.org/W2884714410","https://openalex.org/W2938546210","https://openalex.org/W2975610090","https://openalex.org/W3033940508","https://openalex.org/W4246721168","https://openalex.org/W4250304987","https://openalex.org/W4293108385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901873014","https://openalex.org/W2907019276","https://openalex.org/W3089282675","https://openalex.org/W2094731915","https://openalex.org/W3088702428","https://openalex.org/W2754323538","https://openalex.org/W2612184069","https://openalex.org/W2063326311","https://openalex.org/W4401157482","https://openalex.org/W2884714410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"evaluated":[3,57],"the":[4,58,247,257],"association":[5,59,208],"between":[6,60,211],"pain":[7,66,68,93,128,165,176,190,226,242,252],"outcomes":[8,70],"and":[9,64,67,90,148,213,218,228,253],"post-traumatic":[10],"stress":[11],"disorder":[12],"(PTSD)":[13],"symptom":[14,33,62,99,115],"trajectories":[15,34,63,84,122,151,221],"after":[16,28,102,195],"combat-related":[17],"injury,":[18],"while":[19,71],"adjusting":[20,72,103],"for":[21,73,104,236,241],"receipt":[22,74,105,237],"of":[23,35,48,75,106,238],"regional":[24],"anesthesia":[25],"(RA)":[26],"soon":[27],"injury.":[29],"METHODS:":[30],"The":[31],"PTSD":[32,61,83,98,114,121,150,171,182,214,220,254],"N":[36],"=":[37,142,153,198],"288":[38],"combat-injured":[39],"service":[40],"members":[41],"were":[42,85,95,123,159,179,222],"examined":[43],"from":[44],"within":[45],"a":[46,112],"month":[47],"injury":[49,196,232],"up":[50,191],"to":[51,109,125,161,192,249],"two-years":[52],"after.":[53],"Linear":[54],"mixed-effects":[55],"models":[56],"average":[65,127,164],"interference":[69,177,229],"RA":[76,185,212,240],"during":[77],"combat":[78,231],"casualty":[79],"care.":[80],"RESULTS:":[81],"Four":[82],"characterized:":[86],"resilient,":[87],"recovering,":[88],"worsening,":[89],"chronic.":[91],"Differential":[92],"presentations":[94],"associated":[96,187,223],"with":[97,111,119,139,169,188,224],"trajectories,":[100],"even":[101,233],"RA.":[107],"Compared":[108],"those":[110],"resilient":[113,170],"trajectory,":[116],"individuals":[117],"presenting":[118,138],"chronic":[120],"estimated":[124,160],"experience":[126,162],"scores":[129,166,178],"2.61":[130],"points":[131],"higher":[132,163],"(95%":[133],"CI:":[134,145,156,201],"1.71,":[135],"3.14).":[136],"Participants":[137],"worsening":[140,219],"(\u03b2":[141,152,197],"1.42;":[143],"95%":[144,155,200],"0.77,":[146],"1.78)":[147],"recovering":[149],"0.65;":[154],"0.09,":[157],"1.08)":[158],"than":[167],"participants":[168],"trajectories.":[172,183,215],"Significant":[173],"differences":[174],"in":[175],"observed":[180],"across":[181,256],"Receiving":[184],"was":[186,209],"improved":[189],"two":[193],"years":[194],"-0.31;":[199],"-0.90,":[202],"-0.04),":[203],"however":[204],"no":[205],"statistically":[206],"significant":[207],"detected":[210],"CONCLUSIONS:":[216],"Chronic":[217],"greater":[225],"intensity":[227],"following":[230],"when":[234],"accounting":[235],"early":[239],"management.":[243],"These":[244],"findings":[245],"underscore":[246],"need":[248],"jointly":[250],"assess":[251],"symptoms":[255],"trauma":[258],"care":[259],"continuum.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}