{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175366791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","title":"The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth","display_name":"The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175366791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","mag":"3175366791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13137191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7191/pdf?version=1624705615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7191/pdf?version=1624705615","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038813951","display_name":"Valerie Paelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5660-7341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5660-7341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Paelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, Corporate Finance and Taxation, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, Corporate Finance and Taxation, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039512500","display_name":"Philippe Van Cauwenberge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-5185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-5185"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Van Cauwenberge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, Corporate Finance and Taxation, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-5185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, Corporate Finance and Taxation, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078892697","display_name":"Heidi Vander Bauwhede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-3573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-3573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Vander Bauwhede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, Corporate Finance and Taxation, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-3573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, Corporate Finance and Taxation, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039512500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2052},"fwci":4.0148,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93695856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"7191","last_page":"7191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.08160000294446945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-corp-certification","display_name":"B Corp certification","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-corps","display_name":"B Corps","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-enterprises","display_name":"sustainable enterprises","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-growth","display_name":"business growth","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnover-growth","display_name":"turnover growth","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-credibility","display_name":"stakeholder credibility","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-social-responsibility","display_name":"corporate social responsibility","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.9534960985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6805328726768494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5500999689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4966745972633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.4952782690525055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48723354935646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.4664682149887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.4503541886806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.43421247601509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4121183753013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.38713356852531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2280050814151764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12985765933990479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12732821702957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10704943537712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09223055839538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07097679376602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13137191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7191/pdf?version=1624705615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8714363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8714363","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8714363/file/8714364.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2071-1050","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7191-:d:582933","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7191/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a77c45eadbda4b91b3207025293da505","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a77c45eadbda4b91b3207025293da505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 7191, p 7191 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su13137191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137191","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/13/7191/pdf?version=1624705615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1443106323","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AUGE/17/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313387","funder_display_name":"Hercules Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313387","display_name":"Hercules Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03yhpeg97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175366791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175366791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134945480","https://openalex.org/W1543598101","https://openalex.org/W1559199599","https://openalex.org/W1568888308","https://openalex.org/W1933342398","https://openalex.org/W1970466444","https://openalex.org/W2013915050","https://openalex.org/W2025695111","https://openalex.org/W2041710904","https://openalex.org/W2066735350","https://openalex.org/W2079217129","https://openalex.org/W2086083707","https://openalex.org/W2106529082","https://openalex.org/W2112256230","https://openalex.org/W2125400311","https://openalex.org/W2138269677","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2152849583","https://openalex.org/W2155163959","https://openalex.org/W2169018636","https://openalex.org/W2180482909","https://openalex.org/W2182748568","https://openalex.org/W2220436530","https://openalex.org/W2329170362","https://openalex.org/W2526487299","https://openalex.org/W2615012041","https://openalex.org/W2773246608","https://openalex.org/W2777478652","https://openalex.org/W2781515864","https://openalex.org/W2791831598","https://openalex.org/W2794185504","https://openalex.org/W2799688389","https://openalex.org/W2799829208","https://openalex.org/W2887927457","https://openalex.org/W2891806265","https://openalex.org/W2900774104","https://openalex.org/W2902615280","https://openalex.org/W2902813804","https://openalex.org/W2903273827","https://openalex.org/W2916298826","https://openalex.org/W2928428364","https://openalex.org/W2995236458","https://openalex.org/W3003863232","https://openalex.org/W3006643629","https://openalex.org/W3036862204","https://openalex.org/W3093291994","https://openalex.org/W3097240270","https://openalex.org/W3116601291","https://openalex.org/W3121301164","https://openalex.org/W3122136141","https://openalex.org/W3123551409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093291994","https://openalex.org/W2799688389","https://openalex.org/W7169805558","https://openalex.org/W4416000901","https://openalex.org/W2901662702","https://openalex.org/W4401845448","https://openalex.org/W7117945208","https://openalex.org/W3046520121","https://openalex.org/W3135652397","https://openalex.org/W3197359077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,97],"empirically":[1],"test":[2],"whether":[3],"B":[4,49,70,89,155,172],"Corp":[5,50,71,90,156,173],"certification":[6,51,91,157,174,191],"affects":[7],"the":[8,43,58,62,69,82,141,152,185],"short-":[9],"and":[10,23,37,45,80,106,115,178],"medium-term":[11],"growth":[12,177],"rates":[13],"of":[14,42,61,143,154,171],"sustainable":[15,59],"enterprises.":[16],"These":[17],"businesses":[18],"are":[19],"growing":[20],"in":[21],"popularity":[22],"prevalence":[24],"but,":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,64,75,94,139,149,199],"their":[28],"hybrid":[29],"nature,":[30],"often":[31],"suffer":[32],"from":[33],"external":[34],"credibility":[35],"issues":[36],"competing":[38],"internal":[39,78],"logics.":[40],"Because":[41],"rigorous":[44],"time-involving":[46],"audit":[47],"procedure,":[48],"potentially":[52],"sends":[53],"a":[54,109,134,168],"credible":[55],"signal":[56],"about":[57],"nature":[60],"enterprise":[63],"its":[65,85,196],"stakeholders.":[66],"In":[67],"addition,":[68],"label":[72],"could":[73,92],"help":[74],"straighten":[76],"out":[77],"tensions":[79],"align":[81],"company":[83,95],"towards":[84],"dual":[86],"purpose.":[87],"Hence,":[88],"contribute":[93],"success.":[96],"observe":[98],"129":[99,125],"firms":[100],"that":[101,180,190],"were":[102],"certified":[103],"between":[104,111],"2013":[105],"2018":[107],"over":[108,159],"period":[110],"six":[112],"years":[113,117],"prior":[114],"five":[116],"post-certification.":[118],"Using":[119],"propensity":[120],"score":[121],"matching,":[122],"we":[123,132],"identify":[124],"non-certified":[126],"matching":[127],"companies.":[128],"On":[129],"this":[130,181],"sample,":[131],"conduct":[133],"difference-in-differences":[135],"panel":[136],"regression":[137],"analysis":[138],"investigate":[140],"effect":[142,170,182,198],"certification.":[144],"Our":[145,165],"dataset":[146],"allows":[147],"us":[148],"study":[150,166],"how":[151],"effects":[153],"evolve":[158],"time,":[160],"which":[161],"was":[162],"previously":[163],"untested.":[164],"documents":[167],"positive":[169],"on":[175],"turnover":[176],"also":[179],"increases":[183],"with":[184],"time":[186,194],"since":[187],"certification,":[188],"implying":[189],"requires":[192],"some":[193],"for":[195],"full":[197],"become":[200],"apparent.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}