{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174583900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","title":"From Combat to COVID-19 \u2013 Managing the Impact of Trauma Using Virtual Reality","display_name":"From Combat to COVID-19 \u2013 Managing the Impact of Trauma Using Virtual Reality","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174583900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","mag":"3174583900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70995432","display_name":"Journal of Technology in Human Services","issn_l":"0740-445X","issn":["0740-445X","1522-8835","1522-8991","2331-4648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Technology in Human Services","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005096959","display_name":"Albert Rizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-7731","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-7731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Albert \u201cSkip\u201d Rizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Playa Vista, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Playa Vista, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050659257","display_name":"Arno Hartholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-0048","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-0048"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arno Hartholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Playa Vista, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Playa Vista, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077312006","display_name":"Sharon Mozgai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-2474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-2474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Mozgai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Playa Vista, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Playa Vista, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005096959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81563786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"314","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.052299998700618744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy","display_name":"virtual reality exposure therapy","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-related-posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-focused-therapy","display_name":"trauma-focused psychotherapy","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-trauma","display_name":"sexual trauma","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-responders","display_name":"first responders","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-evolution","display_name":"research evolution","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6595704555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.573537290096283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.4615706205368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.45816949009895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39051875472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3078755736351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26653677225112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17316648364067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.1209113597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.09052696824073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2021.1915931","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70995432","display_name":"Journal of Technology in Human Services","issn_l":"0740-445X","issn":["0740-445X","1522-8835","1522-8991","2331-4648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Technology in Human Services","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40876227","https://openalex.org/W1212620601","https://openalex.org/W1490850613","https://openalex.org/W1547485353","https://openalex.org/W1616121475","https://openalex.org/W1967095391","https://openalex.org/W1968963314","https://openalex.org/W1969426010","https://openalex.org/W1975313658","https://openalex.org/W1985329916","https://openalex.org/W1994673996","https://openalex.org/W1995458275","https://openalex.org/W2000279276","https://openalex.org/W2002347883","https://openalex.org/W2004696188","https://openalex.org/W2006568735","https://openalex.org/W2008355271","https://openalex.org/W2011020046","https://openalex.org/W2019137987","https://openalex.org/W2022162337","https://openalex.org/W2023335429","https://openalex.org/W2028997032","https://openalex.org/W2032295207","https://openalex.org/W2036154294","https://openalex.org/W2036973513","https://openalex.org/W2044695618","https://openalex.org/W2069558734","https://openalex.org/W2072484934","https://openalex.org/W2076891970","https://openalex.org/W2084627609","https://openalex.org/W2085226946","https://openalex.org/W2086668802","https://openalex.org/W2099386544","https://openalex.org/W2102241521","https://openalex.org/W2123554526","https://openalex.org/W2140123501","https://openalex.org/W2146491372","https://openalex.org/W2150261153","https://openalex.org/W2152676810","https://openalex.org/W2159672621","https://openalex.org/W2160848506","https://openalex.org/W2163457548","https://openalex.org/W2166497579","https://openalex.org/W2170151134","https://openalex.org/W2186418699","https://openalex.org/W2217698609","https://openalex.org/W2253634141","https://openalex.org/W2317672495","https://openalex.org/W2320376279","https://openalex.org/W2330269717","https://openalex.org/W2346956174","https://openalex.org/W2347011942","https://openalex.org/W2469904922","https://openalex.org/W2517202283","https://openalex.org/W2546646090","https://openalex.org/W2555756618","https://openalex.org/W2565451694","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2569425949","https://openalex.org/W2588443021","https://openalex.org/W2598210266","https://openalex.org/W2605166816","https://openalex.org/W2605665170","https://openalex.org/W2611254913","https://openalex.org/W2612421262","https://openalex.org/W2615219938","https://openalex.org/W2732421904","https://openalex.org/W2745063341","https://openalex.org/W2748207128","https://openalex.org/W2753261487","https://openalex.org/W2763552934","https://openalex.org/W2769043151","https://openalex.org/W2783039241","https://openalex.org/W2786973165","https://openalex.org/W2793230881","https://openalex.org/W2809677810","https://openalex.org/W2887538181","https://openalex.org/W2888686181","https://openalex.org/W2895844696","https://openalex.org/W2908925599","https://openalex.org/W2915028269","https://openalex.org/W2947940681","https://openalex.org/W2950361006","https://openalex.org/W2953199438","https://openalex.org/W2961940022","https://openalex.org/W2963498005","https://openalex.org/W2969270329","https://openalex.org/W2969523924","https://openalex.org/W2969536757","https://openalex.org/W2969693451","https://openalex.org/W2981687896","https://openalex.org/W2981881854","https://openalex.org/W2982279327","https://openalex.org/W2994787787","https://openalex.org/W2998309229","https://openalex.org/W3001017272","https://openalex.org/W3006864780","https://openalex.org/W3012011517","https://openalex.org/W3012832369","https://openalex.org/W3013365435","https://openalex.org/W3015658132","https://openalex.org/W3021239422","https://openalex.org/W3022892398","https://openalex.org/W3029324971","https://openalex.org/W3039756388","https://openalex.org/W3042146139","https://openalex.org/W3044137491","https://openalex.org/W3047898105","https://openalex.org/W3094019868","https://openalex.org/W3094548555","https://openalex.org/W3110767064","https://openalex.org/W3111044931","https://openalex.org/W3118342617","https://openalex.org/W4252732671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W107350368","https://openalex.org/W3041532907","https://openalex.org/W2117740192","https://openalex.org/W4360616542","https://openalex.org/W2969873661","https://openalex.org/W2117071555","https://openalex.org/W4396234094","https://openalex.org/W4407734562","https://openalex.org/W2946548690","https://openalex.org/W2794304456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"has":[1,106],"documented":[2],"the":[3,33,60,75,78,128,138,141,149,156],"efficacy":[4],"of":[5,22,35,77,118,130,140,148,158],"clinical":[6,89],"applications":[7],"that":[8,92],"leverage":[9],"Virtual":[10],"Reality":[11],"(VR)":[12],"for":[13,103],"assessment":[14],"and":[15,27,46,57,113,127,133,151,162,166,174],"treatment":[16],"purposes":[17],"across":[18],"a":[19,88,115],"wide":[20],"range":[21,117],"domains,":[23],"including":[24],"pain,":[25],"phobias,":[26],"posttraumatic":[28],"stress":[29],"disorder":[30],"(PTSD).":[31],"As":[32],"field":[34,79,150],"Clinical":[36],"VR":[37,99],"matures,":[38],"it":[39],"is":[40],"important":[41],"to":[42,96,109],"review":[43],"its":[44,111,152,163],"origins":[45],"examine":[47],"how":[48,87],"these":[49],"initial":[50],"explorations":[51],"have":[52],"progressed,":[53],"what":[54,58],"gaps":[55],"remain,":[56],"opportunities":[59],"community":[61],"can":[62],"pursue.":[63],"We":[64,144],"do":[65],"this":[66,84],"by":[67],"reflecting":[68],"on":[69,137],"our":[70,159],"personal":[71],"scientific":[72],"journey":[73],"against":[74],"backdrop":[76],"in":[80],"general.":[81],"In":[82],"particular,":[83],"paper":[85],"discusses":[86],"research":[90,160],"program":[91],"was":[93],"initially":[94],"designed":[95],"deliver":[97],"trauma-focused":[98],"exposure":[100],"therapy":[101],"(VRET)":[102],"combat-related":[104],"PTSD":[105],"been":[107],"evolved":[108],"expand":[110],"impact":[112],"address":[114],"wider":[116],"trauma":[119,122,126],"sources.":[120],"Such":[121],"sources":[123],"include":[124],"sexual":[125],"needs":[129],"first":[131],"responders":[132],"healthcare":[134],"professionals":[135],"serving":[136],"frontlines":[139],"COVID-19":[142],"pandemic.":[143],"provide":[145],"an":[146],"overview":[147],"general":[153],"trends,":[154],"discuss":[155],"genesis":[157],"agenda":[161],"current":[164],"status,":[165],"summarize":[167],"upcoming":[168],"opportunities,":[169],"together":[170],"with":[171],"common":[172],"challenges":[173],"lessons":[175],"learned.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}
