{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173757630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","title":"Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use in cotton stubble retaining fields","display_name":"Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use in cotton stubble retaining fields","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173757630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","mag":"3173757630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311920633238/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491286908","display_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","issn_l":"2095-3119","issn":["2095-3119","2352-3425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311920633238/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019765710","display_name":"Shihong Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-hong WANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China","Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng 252000, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaocheng 252000, P.R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026671744","display_name":"Lili Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-0837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-0837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-li MAO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101013110","display_name":"Jialiang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2806-200X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2806-200X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-liang SHI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253000, P.R. China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103875605","display_name":"Junjun Nie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-jun NIE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667105","display_name":"Xianliang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-5865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-5865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xian-liang SONG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101662351","display_name":"Xuezhen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-1517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-1517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74485261","display_name":"Shandong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ke8fw32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xue-zhen SUN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100667105","https://openalex.org/A5101662351"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74485261"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":1.3999,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80489946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"2090","last_page":"2099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.538100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.538100004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.3984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12243","display_name":"Research in Cotton Cultivation","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton","display_name":"cotton","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-density","display_name":"plant density","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-application-rate","display_name":"nitrogen application rate","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-residue-decomposition","display_name":"crop residue decomposition","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-use-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen use efficiency","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-balance","display_name":"nitrogen balance","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-mineral-nitrogen","display_name":"soil mineral nitrogen","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-senescence","display_name":"leaf senescence","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-recovery-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen recovery efficiency","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomic-nitrogen-use-efficiency","display_name":"nitrogen agronomic efficiency","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-deficiency","display_name":"nitrogen deficiency","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-yield","display_name":"cotton yield","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-yield","display_name":"biological yield","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-leaching","display_name":"nitrogen leaching","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.708697497844696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.7049452662467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6161412596702576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.505186140537262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991904373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102346249","display_name":"Plant density","level":3,"score":0.5038558840751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.49127525091171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2841244339942932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2527714967727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.09311392903327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.05741328001022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311920633238/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491286908","display_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","issn_l":"2095-3119","issn":["2095-3119","2352-3425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc51123d62f44525b6e40bc2d443b48d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc51123d62f44525b6e40bc2d443b48d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Vol 20, Iss 8, Pp 2090-2099 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63323-8","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311920633238/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2491286908","display_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","issn_l":"2095-3119","issn":["2095-3119","2352-3425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrative Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1495685319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2016CQ20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1942281062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31601253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4726838205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SDAIT-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7592217454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M610438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173757630.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173757630.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49287125","https://openalex.org/W1153526684","https://openalex.org/W1228630810","https://openalex.org/W1572007551","https://openalex.org/W1968945885","https://openalex.org/W1975880800","https://openalex.org/W1985226182","https://openalex.org/W1987734887","https://openalex.org/W1995202402","https://openalex.org/W2020078870","https://openalex.org/W2021414515","https://openalex.org/W2036538049","https://openalex.org/W2051852455","https://openalex.org/W2059412697","https://openalex.org/W2060086045","https://openalex.org/W2066144412","https://openalex.org/W2149348479","https://openalex.org/W2156264404","https://openalex.org/W2160604206","https://openalex.org/W2184859863","https://openalex.org/W2190546151","https://openalex.org/W2224583381","https://openalex.org/W2258210813","https://openalex.org/W2434161398","https://openalex.org/W2501294910","https://openalex.org/W2742206960","https://openalex.org/W2792197428","https://openalex.org/W2944850816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4212814124","https://openalex.org/W4281560206","https://openalex.org/W2792197428","https://openalex.org/W7118988613","https://openalex.org/W2761969370","https://openalex.org/W2608574734","https://openalex.org/W4415138429","https://openalex.org/W4200044771","https://openalex.org/W3199024429","https://openalex.org/W3110115768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"nitrogen":[1],"(N)":[2],"rate":[3,34,62,177,283,291,305],"could":[4],"accelerate":[5],"the":[6,58,126,166,173,182,198,332],"decomposition":[7],"of":[8,20,25,45,60,175,287,306],"crop":[9,14],"residues,":[10],"and":[11,22,35,63,77,91,100,105,117,137,178,181,210,220,223,225,232,284,336],"then":[12],"improve":[13],"yield":[15,164,170,184],"by":[16,129,218,230],"increasing":[17],"N":[18,23,33,51,61,69,79,107,135,153,176,190,206,211,237,243,253,259,265,275,285,290,304,311],"availability":[19],"soil":[21,74],"uptake":[24],"crops.":[26],"However,":[27],"it":[28,268],"is":[29,322],"not":[30,270],"clear":[31],"whether":[32],"plant":[36,64,94,142,179],"density":[37,65,143],"should":[38],"be":[39],"modified":[40],"after":[41],"a":[42,133,138,151,323],"long":[43],"period":[44],"cotton":[46,67,82,148,327],"stubble":[47,83,328],"return":[48,84],"with":[49,172,339],"high":[50,147,163],"rate.":[52],"This":[53],"study":[54],"seeks":[55],"to":[56,125,204,295],"assess":[57],"effects":[59],"on":[66],"yield,":[68,149],"use":[70],"efficiency,":[71],"leaf":[72],"senescence,":[73],"inorganic":[75,236],"N,":[76],"apparent":[78],"balance":[80],"in":[81,86,89,141,165,215,227,326,331],"fields":[85,330],"Liaocheng,":[87],"China,":[88],"2016":[90],"2017.":[92],"Three":[93],"densities":[95],"5.25":[96],"(D5.25),":[97],"6.75":[98,156,256,278],"(D6.75)":[99],"8.25":[101,193],"(D8.25)":[102],"plants":[103,157,194,257,279],"m\u22122":[104,158,195],"five":[106],"rates":[108],"0":[109,307],"(N0),":[110],"105":[111,241,263,309],"(N105),":[112],"210":[113,251,273,294],"(N210),":[114],"315":[115],"(N315),":[116],"420":[118,188,296],"(N420)":[119],"kg":[120,189,242,252,264,274,297,310],"ha\u22121":[121,191,254,276,298,312],"were":[122,299],"investigated.":[123],"Compared":[124,203],"combination":[127,325],"used":[128],"local":[130],"farmers":[131],"(D5.25N315),":[132],"33.3%":[134],"reduction":[136,154],"28.6%":[139],"increase":[140,174],"(D6.75N210)":[144],"can":[145,160],"maintain":[146],"while":[150],"66.7%":[152],"at":[155,192,255,277,313],"(D6.75N105)":[159],"only":[161],"achieve":[162],"first":[167],"year.":[168],"Biological":[169],"increased":[171,217,229],"density,":[180],"highest":[183],"was":[185,248],"obtained":[186],"under":[187,201,240,250,262,272,289,303],"(D8.25N420)":[196],"across":[197],"two":[199],"years":[200],"investigation.":[202],"D5.25N315,":[205],"agronomic":[207],"efficiency":[208,213],"(NAE)":[209],"recovery":[212],"(NRE)":[214],"D6.75N210":[216,321],"30.2":[219],"54.1%,":[221],"respectively,":[222],"NAE":[224],"NRE":[226],"D6.75N105":[228],"104.8":[231],"88.1%,":[233],"respectively.":[234],"Soil":[235],"decreased":[238],"sharply":[239],"ha\u22121,":[244,266],"but":[245,267],"no":[246],"change":[247],"found":[249],"m\u22122.":[258,280],"deficit":[260],"occurred":[261],"did":[269],"occurr":[271],"Net":[281],"photosynthetic":[282],"concentration":[286],"leaves":[288],"ranging":[292],"from":[293],"higher":[300],"than":[301],"those":[302],"or":[308],"all":[314],"three":[315],"densities.":[316],"The":[317],"findings":[318],"suggest":[319],"that":[320],"superior":[324],"retaining":[329],"Yellow":[333],"River":[334],"Valley":[335],"other":[337],"areas":[338],"similar":[340],"ecologies.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}