{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173123781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","title":"Government-Opposition Relations during Benazir Bhutto\u2019s Rule in Pakistan","display_name":"Government-Opposition Relations during Benazir Bhutto\u2019s Rule in Pakistan","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173123781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","mag":"3173123781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","pdf_url":"https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/32/30","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237963","display_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","issn_l":"2664-8148","issn":["2664-8148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/32/30","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101937175","display_name":"Ashfaq U. Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-4104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-4104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq U. Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan | Department of Research and Program Development, IDEA Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-4104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan | Department of Research and Program Development, IDEA Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074774502","display_name":"Arif Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-2659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-2659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050365977","display_name":"Bakhtiar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-8347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-8347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bakhtiar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-8347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"],"apc_list":{"value":90000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":550},"apc_paid":{"value":90000,"currency":"PKR","value_usd":550},"fwci":2.8407,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92270279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"24","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13029","display_name":"South Asian Studies and Conflicts","score":0.04650000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benazir-bhutto","display_name":"Benazir Bhutto","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-opposition-relations","display_name":"government-opposition relations","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistani-politics","display_name":"Pakistani politics","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-consolidation","display_name":"democratic consolidation","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-provincial-relations","display_name":"central-provincial relations","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punjab","display_name":"Punjab","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruling-party","display_name":"ruling party","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-conflict","display_name":"political conflict","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federalism","display_name":"federalism","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.9300854206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.7541712522506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7368602156639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6474976539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5999082326889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.5758985280990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5058424472808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779111050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255876","display_name":"Democratic consolidation","level":5,"score":0.4521588683128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.44487327337265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.35387271642684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.2765260338783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2069735825061798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.154730886220932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","pdf_url":"https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/32/30","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237963","display_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","issn_l":"2664-8148","issn":["2664-8148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aui:lassij:v:1:y:2017:i:2:p:24-33:id:32","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/view/32/30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b48a3f93fb9d4cd592777047bf00bdfd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b48a3f93fb9d4cd592777047bf00bdfd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal, Vol 1, Iss 2 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.2.3","pdf_url":"https://ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij/article/download/32/30","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237963","display_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","issn_l":"2664-8148","issn":["2664-8148"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173123781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173123781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W302008591","https://openalex.org/W567954463","https://openalex.org/W585444800","https://openalex.org/W590748226","https://openalex.org/W621247277","https://openalex.org/W1481508695","https://openalex.org/W1588957187","https://openalex.org/W2015225754","https://openalex.org/W2019618002","https://openalex.org/W2028884763","https://openalex.org/W2042836072","https://openalex.org/W2147426487","https://openalex.org/W2172072603","https://openalex.org/W2319750334","https://openalex.org/W2539240347","https://openalex.org/W2999431428","https://openalex.org/W3161495133","https://openalex.org/W4253284184","https://openalex.org/W6628783381","https://openalex.org/W6634992593","https://openalex.org/W6635307054","https://openalex.org/W6657830948","https://openalex.org/W6661243739","https://openalex.org/W6772965359","https://openalex.org/W7017740293","https://openalex.org/W7060718199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6947995506","https://openalex.org/W2188922579","https://openalex.org/W3041317331","https://openalex.org/W7215528802","https://openalex.org/W1977547618","https://openalex.org/W7220042776","https://openalex.org/W2127685160","https://openalex.org/W6949384749","https://openalex.org/W3160393669","https://openalex.org/W3185574751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Democracy,":[0],"transition":[1],"to":[2,136,145],"democracy":[3,41],"and":[4,14,57,66,89,92,128,144,169,176,189,193],"democratic":[5],"consolidation":[6,35],"have":[7,15,79,148],"widely":[8],"been":[9,142,149],"debated":[10],"across":[11],"the":[12,42,45,50,76,85,106,111,126,161,165,170,183,187],"world":[13,20],"prominent":[16],"position":[17],"in":[18,23,27,125,131,164],"third":[19],"countries.":[21],"Democracy":[22],"developing":[24],"countries":[25],"particularly":[26],"Pakistan":[28,61],"is":[29,179],"confronting":[30],"long":[31],"standing":[32],"problem":[33],"of":[34,36,44,63,155],"power":[37],"by":[38],"civilians.":[39],"In":[40],"strength":[43],"state":[46],"institutions":[47],"depends":[48],"on":[49,105],"relationship":[51,159],"among":[52,160,191],"central":[53],"government":[54],"with":[55,58,93,118,123,167],"opposition":[56,90,124,168],"provincial":[59,94,171],"governments.":[60],"consists":[62],"a":[64],"centre":[65,127,166],"four":[67],"federating":[68],"units":[69],"having":[70],"mix":[71],"nationalities.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74,103],"investigates":[75],"factors":[77],"which":[78,114],"provoked":[80],"confrontational":[81],"politics":[82],"both":[83],"within":[84],"parliament":[86],"between":[87],"ruling":[88,162],"parties":[91],"governments":[95,130,172],"especially":[96],"Punjab":[97],"during":[98,119],"Benazir":[99,115],"Bhutto\u2019s":[100],"rule.":[101],"The":[102,158],"focuses":[104],"question":[107],"whether":[108],"it":[109],"was":[110],"same":[112],"follies":[113],"Bhutto":[116],"played":[117],"her":[120],"second":[121],"term":[122],"their":[129],"provinces.":[132],"To":[133],"find":[134],"answers":[135],"these":[137],"questions,":[138],"secondary":[139],"data":[140],"has":[141],"used":[143],"supplement":[146],"newspapers":[147],"consulted":[150],"for":[151],"obtaining":[152],"first-hand":[153],"information":[154],"public":[156],"officials.":[157],"party":[163],"often":[173],"remained":[174],"unpleasant":[175],"unfriendly.":[177],"It":[178],"argued":[180],"that":[181],"personal":[182],"national":[184,192],"considerations":[185],"augmented":[186],"confrontation":[188],"conflicts":[190],"regional":[194],"level":[195],"political":[196],"parties.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}
