{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172007673","doi":null,"title":"Autonomous Vehicles: MMW Radar Backscattering Modeling of Traffic Environment, Vehicular Communication Modeling, and Antenna Designs","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicles: MMW Radar Backscattering Modeling of Traffic Environment, Vehicular Communication Modeling, and Antenna Designs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172007673","mag":"3172007673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3172007673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040541194","display_name":"Xiuzhang Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-1892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-1892"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-1892","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040541194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.024299999698996544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-vehicles","display_name":"autonomous vehicles","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/77-ghz-automotive-radar","display_name":"77 GHz automotive radar","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"radar cross section","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival-estimation","display_name":"angle of arrival estimation","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-classification","display_name":"target classification","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-diversity","display_name":"polarization diversity","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband-antenna","display_name":"wideband antenna","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-miniaturization","display_name":"antenna miniaturization","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-scene-generation","display_name":"3D scene generation","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5926433205604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5171665549278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4650752544403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43846091628074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.418100506067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3083692193031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.2819206118583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.17697283625602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15417179465293884}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3172007673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/163001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3172007673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/163001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4284689147","https://openalex.org/W4407775200","https://openalex.org/W2888548558","https://openalex.org/W4378842639","https://openalex.org/W4381733131","https://openalex.org/W2971610498","https://openalex.org/W4382054216","https://openalex.org/W2783865660","https://openalex.org/W4210358887","https://openalex.org/W7081996080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"77":[0],"GHz":[1,337],"Millimeter-wave":[2],"(mmWave)":[3],"radar":[4,27,30,48,55,106,115,174,201,242,285],"serves":[5],"as":[6,159,189,210],"an":[7,87],"essential":[8],"component":[9],"among":[10],"many":[11,265],"sensors":[12],"required":[13,72],"for":[14,21,73,196,328,416,482],"autonomous":[15],"navigation.":[16],"High-fidelity":[17],"simulation":[18,31,56,133,203],"is":[19,57,71,98,141,245,270,304,341,380,423,448,455],"indispensable":[20],"nowadays\u2019":[22],"development":[23],"of":[24,64,108,145,161,169,237,250,253,280,318,399,457,492],"advanced":[25,173],"automotive":[26,54],"systems":[28],"because":[29],"can":[32,308],"accelerate":[33,131],"the":[34,47,60,113,132,154,170,194,219,238,248,277,311,315,319,365,384,389,396,400,443,462],"design":[35,422],"and":[36,39,45,100,111,125,152,163,166,178,192,224,272,284,338,345,358,369,436,466,485],"testing":[37],"process":[38,46],"help":[40],"people":[41],"to":[42,58,102,186,209,246,382,412,441],"better":[43],"understand":[44],"data.":[49],"The":[50,120,143,420,445],"main":[51],"challenge":[52],"in":[53,67,241,289],"simulate":[59],"complex":[61,390],"scattering":[62,347],"behavior":[63],"various":[65],"targets":[66,121,146,191,283],"real":[68,135],"time,":[69,136],"which":[70,205,430],"sensor":[74],"fusion":[75],"with":[76,175,226,488],"other":[77,126,167],"sensory":[78],"simulation,":[79],"e.g.":[80],"optical":[81],"image":[82],"simulation.":[83],"In":[84,298,314,395],"this":[85],"thesis,":[86,320,401],"asymptotic":[88],"method":[89],"based":[90,217,293,354,374,393,473],"on":[91,218,294,355,375],"a":[92,137,227,321,371,424,449,467],"fast-wideband":[93],"physical":[94,228],"optics":[95],"(PO)":[96],"calculation":[97],"developed":[99,185,223,271,353],"applied":[101],"get":[103],"high":[104],"fidelity":[105],"response":[107],"traffic":[109,118,301],"scenes":[110],"generate":[112],"corresponding":[114],"images":[116,286],"from":[117,282,349,388],"targets.":[119,128,171,255],"include":[122],"pedestrians,":[123],"vehicles,":[124],"stationary":[127],"To":[129,363],"further":[130],"into":[134,149],"physics-based":[138],"statistical":[139,150,155,181,220,278],"approach":[140],"developed.":[142],"RCS":[144,182,281],"are":[147,157,184,222,287,352,410],"fit":[148,383],"distributions,":[151],"then":[153],"parameters":[156,279],"summarized":[158],"functions":[160],"range":[162],"aspect":[164],"angles,":[165],"attributes":[168],"For":[172],"multiple":[176,254],"transmitters":[177],"receivers,":[179],"pixelated-scatterer":[180],"models":[183,221,348],"represent":[187],"objects":[188],"extend":[190],"relax":[193],"requirement":[195],"far-field":[197,346],"condition.":[198],"A":[199,256],"real-time":[200],"scene":[202,230],"software,":[204],"will":[206],"be":[207],"referred":[208],"Michigan":[211],"Automotive":[212],"Radar":[213],"Scene":[214],"Simulator":[215],"(MARSS),":[216],"integrated":[225],"3D":[229],"generation":[231],"software":[232],"(Unreal":[233],"Engine":[234],"4).":[235],"One":[236],"major":[239],"challenges":[240],"signal":[243],"processing":[244],"detect":[247],"angle":[249],"arrival":[251],"(AOA)":[252],"new":[257],"analytic":[258],"multiple-sources":[259],"AOA":[260,267],"estimation":[261,268],"algorithm":[262],"that":[263,307],"outperforms":[264],"well-known":[266],"algorithms":[269],"verified":[273],"by":[274],"experiments.":[275],"Moreover,":[276],"used":[288],"target":[290],"classification":[291],"approaches":[292],"machine":[295],"learning":[296],"methods.":[297,394],"realistic":[299],"road":[300],"environment,":[302],"foliage":[303],"commonly":[305],"encountered":[306],"potentially":[309],"block":[310],"line-of-sight":[312],"link.":[313],"second":[316,446],"part":[317,398],"non-line-of-sight":[322],"(NLoS)":[323],"vehicular":[324,333],"propagation":[325],"channel":[326],"model":[327,373],"tree":[329,350],"trunks":[330],"at":[331],"two":[332,402],"communication":[334,418],"bands":[335],"(5.9":[336],"60":[339],"GHz)":[340],"proposed.":[342],"Both":[343],"near-field":[344],"trunk":[351],"modal":[356],"expansion":[357],"surface":[359],"current":[360],"integral":[361],"method.":[362],"make":[364],"results":[366],"fast":[367],"accessible":[368],"retractable,":[370],"macro":[372],"artificial":[376],"neural":[377],"network":[378],"(ANN)":[379],"proposed":[381],"path":[385],"loss":[386],"calculated":[387],"electromagnetic":[391],"(EM)":[392],"third":[397],"broadband":[403],"(bandwidth":[404],">":[405],"50%)":[406],"omnidirectional":[407],"antenna":[408],"designs":[409],"discussed":[411],"enable":[413],"polarization":[414],"diversity":[415],"next-generation":[417],"systems.":[419],"first":[421],"compact":[425,463],"horizontally":[426],"polarized":[427,451],"(HP)":[428],"antenna,":[429,465],"contains":[431],"four":[432],"folded":[433],"dipole":[434],"radiators":[435],"utilizing":[437],"their":[438],"mutual":[439],"coupling":[440],"enhance":[442],"bandwidth.":[444],"one":[447,458],"circularly":[450],"(CP)":[452],"antenna.":[453],"It":[454,476],"composed":[456],"ultra-wide-band":[459],"(UWB)":[460],"monopole,":[461],"HP":[464],"dedicatedly":[468],"designed":[469],"asymmetric":[470],"power":[471],"divider":[472],"feeding":[474],"network.":[475],"has":[477],"about":[478],"53%":[479],"overlapping":[480],"bandwidth":[481],"both":[483],"impedance":[484],"axial":[486],"ratio":[487],"peak":[489],"RHCP":[490],"gain":[491],"0.9":[493],"dBi.":[494]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}