{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169920876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","title":"An investigation identifying which key performance indicators influence the chances of promotion to the elite leagues in professional European football","display_name":"An investigation identifying which key performance indicators influence the chances of promotion to the elite leagues in professional European football","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169920876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","mag":"3169920876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483669344","display_name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","issn_l":"1474-8185","issn":["1474-8185","2474-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3169920876"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090054014","display_name":"Mikael Jamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-0546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-0546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127165138","display_name":"University of Suffolk","ror":"https://ror.org/01cy0sz82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127165138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikael Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Suffolk","School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Suffolk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127165138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127165138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028117388","display_name":"Hongyou Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-672X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-672X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-543X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China Normal University","School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4341-672X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078564958","display_name":"Ashwin A. Phatak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-8949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-8949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Phatak","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Sport University Cologne","Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Sport University Cologne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057357328","display_name":"Daniel Memmert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-9175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-9175","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7545-1621"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137533716","display_name":"German Sport University Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/0189raq88","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Memmert","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Sport University Cologne","Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3406-9175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Sport University Cologne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137533716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090054014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127165138"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97256466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"4","first_page":"641","last_page":"650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.7598000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.23409999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football-promotion","display_name":"football promotion","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-football","display_name":"professional football","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-division","display_name":"second division","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-performance-indicators","display_name":"key performance indicators","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set-plays","display_name":"set plays","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penalty-kicks","display_name":"penalty kicks","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corner-kicks","display_name":"corner kicks","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assist","display_name":"ASSIST","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-play","display_name":"open play","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/match-analysis","display_name":"match analysis","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premier-league","display_name":"English Premier League","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundesliga","display_name":"Bundesliga","score":0.9459999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.8811122179031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.8543599843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.8509613275527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.7979397773742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.620427131652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5277312994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4962957501411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4541946053504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4166833162307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4023776650428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2680216133594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22568732500076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.19426092505455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09093305468559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.06415632367134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483669344","display_name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","issn_l":"1474-8185","issn":["1474-8185","2474-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:rpanxx:v:21:y:2021:i:4:p:641-650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24748668.2021.1933845?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2483669344","display_name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","issn_l":"1474-8185","issn":["1474-8185","2474-8668"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3169920876.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24633462","https://openalex.org/W218711088","https://openalex.org/W601844106","https://openalex.org/W1973538246","https://openalex.org/W1984618135","https://openalex.org/W1989137294","https://openalex.org/W1992278969","https://openalex.org/W2004147962","https://openalex.org/W2009570805","https://openalex.org/W2039591630","https://openalex.org/W2042226652","https://openalex.org/W2065609785","https://openalex.org/W2072066312","https://openalex.org/W2082955107","https://openalex.org/W2108010714","https://openalex.org/W2118350331","https://openalex.org/W2176177961","https://openalex.org/W2206292536","https://openalex.org/W2318638593","https://openalex.org/W2329822544","https://openalex.org/W2558395968","https://openalex.org/W2614591169","https://openalex.org/W2746565131","https://openalex.org/W2754700903","https://openalex.org/W2762066222","https://openalex.org/W2771116719","https://openalex.org/W2782217290","https://openalex.org/W2789483626","https://openalex.org/W2803904659","https://openalex.org/W2888252075","https://openalex.org/W2956046314","https://openalex.org/W2970207877","https://openalex.org/W2981867489","https://openalex.org/W2988183676","https://openalex.org/W3005245305","https://openalex.org/W3020198580","https://openalex.org/W3081169495","https://openalex.org/W3089534651","https://openalex.org/W3093748361","https://openalex.org/W4207004969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883666012","https://openalex.org/W4410867088","https://openalex.org/W4412737774","https://openalex.org/W7135168519","https://openalex.org/W2691380284","https://openalex.org/W4385701723","https://openalex.org/W3007604690","https://openalex.org/W2374373991","https://openalex.org/W2084566157","https://openalex.org/W2936854614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technical":[0],"performances":[1],"of":[2,10,29,37,46,75,84,92,111,125,137,154,167],"teams":[3,53,151,177],"competing":[4],"in":[5,20,80,122],"the":[6,27,32,90,109,123,135,158],"professional":[7],"second":[8],"divisions":[9],"England,":[11],"Germany":[12],"and":[13,67,79,127,141,191],"France":[14],"were":[15,41,60,103,130],"analysed":[16,42],"over":[17],"five":[18],"seasons":[19],"order":[21],"to":[22,31,63,106,117,132,157,173,179,184],"determine":[23],"which":[24,165],"factors":[25],"influence":[26],"chances":[28,74,121],"promotion":[30,93,112,138,156,181],"elite":[33,159],"leagues.":[34],"A":[35],"total":[36],"11,032":[38],"team-match":[39],"observations":[40],"via":[43],"a":[44,163],"series":[45],"logistical":[47],"regressions.":[48],"The":[49],"results":[50],"revealed":[51,105,131],"that":[52,59,148,171],"with":[54,152],"an":[55],"overworked":[56],"defensive":[57],"unit":[58],"frequently":[61],"asked":[62],"make":[64],"blocks,":[65],"clearances":[66],"goalkeeper":[68],"saves":[69],"would":[70],"have":[71],"significantly":[72,88,107,133],"reduced":[73],"promotion.":[76],"Conversely,":[77],"set-plays":[78],"particular":[81],"taking":[82],"advantage":[83],"penalty":[85,189],"kick":[86,193],"opportunities":[87],"increased":[89],"odds":[91,110,136],"by":[94,113,139],"37%.":[95],"In":[96],"addition,":[97],"scoring":[98],"goals":[99],"from":[100,188],"corner":[101,192],"kicks":[102,190],"also":[104],"enhance":[108],"35%.":[114],"With":[115],"regard":[116],"open":[118],"play,":[119],"creating":[120],"form":[124],"assists":[126],"through":[128],"balls":[129],"increase":[134],"28%":[140],"14%,":[142],"respectively.":[143],"These":[144],"results,":[145],"therefore,":[146],"indicate":[147],"lower":[149],"league":[150],"ambitions":[153],"achieving":[155],"level":[160],"should":[161,182],"adopt":[162],"strategy":[164],"consists":[166],"frequent":[168],"penetrative":[169],"passing":[170],"leads":[172],"chance":[174],"creation.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"hoping":[178],"achieve":[180],"look":[183],"improve":[185],"their":[186],"efficiency":[187],"set-plays.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}