{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3167339293","doi":null,"title":"PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF IMMIGRANTS AND LOCALS IN TEMBISA AND IVORY PARK","display_name":"PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF IMMIGRANTS AND LOCALS IN TEMBISA AND IVORY PARK","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3167339293","mag":"3167339293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3167339293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Proposed-strategy-for-micro-enterprise-development-a-case-of-immigrants-and-locals-in-tembisa-1528-2686-27-S4-515.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764651816","display_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","issn_l":"1087-9595","issn":["1087-9595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077073761","display_name":"Francinah L Phalatsi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francinah L Phalatsi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071127028","display_name":"Bulelwa Maphela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-6345","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-6345"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bulelwa Maphela","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-6345","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14219","display_name":"Local Economic Development and Planning","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14219","display_name":"Local Economic Development and Planning","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spaza-shops","display_name":"spaza shops","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microenterprise-development","display_name":"microenterprise development","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coopetition","display_name":"coopetition","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-companies","display_name":"foreign companies","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/township-economy","display_name":"township economy","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-economic-development","display_name":"local economic development","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government","display_name":"local government","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tembisa","display_name":"Tembisa","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-relief","display_name":"COVID-19 relief","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime","display_name":"crime","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-engagement","display_name":"stakeholder engagement","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-sustainability","display_name":"corporate sustainability","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.40700000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777216475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615782","display_name":"Coopetition","level":3,"score":0.6664634943008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6321648359298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5820911526679993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5215396881103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.5020341873168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4729801416397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.45347315073013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3988874554634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20010119676589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14153718948364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.13517829775810242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3167339293","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Proposed-strategy-for-micro-enterprise-development-a-case-of-immigrants-and-locals-in-tembisa-1528-2686-27-S4-515.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764651816","display_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","issn_l":"1087-9595","issn":["1087-9595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7164938439","https://openalex.org/W2185070859","https://openalex.org/W2133778973","https://openalex.org/W2998233711","https://openalex.org/W7019012152","https://openalex.org/W3009211454","https://openalex.org/W2925205759","https://openalex.org/W2788251271","https://openalex.org/W2981136032","https://openalex.org/W2278734675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spaza":[0],"shops,":[1,54],"which":[2],"are":[3,64],"\u2018small":[4],"convenience":[5],"stores\u2019,":[6],"play":[7],"an":[8],"integral":[9],"part":[10],"in":[11,19,69,71,165,240,263],"many":[12],"township":[13,74],"economies":[14],"within":[15,173],"low-income":[16],"earning":[17],"societies":[18],"South":[20,51,124,161,292],"Africa.":[21],"These":[22],"micro-enterprises":[23],"act":[24],"as":[25,79,95,267,282,294],"providers":[27],"of":[28,50,84,113,160,178,208,214,328],"basic":[29],"groceries":[30],"and":[31,39,59,67,87,131,156,169,176,195,206,211,231,245,284,307,314,346,350],"home":[32],"essentials":[33],"to":[34,117,128,144,152,198,237,336],"those":[35,56],"societies.":[36],"Recent":[37],"studies":[38],"reports":[40],"show":[42],"that":[43,99,226,338],"there":[44],"has":[45,92],"been":[46,93],"a":[47,146,192,229,303,333,341],"dwindling":[48],"case":[49],"African-owned":[52,125],"spaza":[53,104,126,163,218,243,255,288],"while":[55],"operated":[58],"owned":[60],"by":[61,216,270,310],"foreign":[62,101,232],"nationals":[63,233],"reportedly":[65],"growing":[66],"increasing":[68],"volume":[70],"certain":[73],"areas.":[75],"Trade":[76],"practices":[77,210],"such":[78,281],"\u2018coopetition\u2019":[80],"\u2013":[81,91],"the":[82,96,107,134,158,166,174,212,247,254,274,325],"use":[83,234,327],"social":[85,235],"networks":[86,236],"collaborating":[88],"with":[89,287,302,332],"competition":[90],"cited":[94],"differentiating":[97],"factor":[98],"gives":[100],"national":[103,250],"shop":[105,256],"owners":[106],"competitive":[108],"advantage.":[109],"Aim:":[110],"The":[111,140,299],"purpose":[112],"this":[114,259],"study":[115],"was":[116,143,187],"explore":[118],"how":[119],"local":[120,135,264,312],"government":[121,313],"can":[122],"assist":[123],"shops":[127,164,219,244],"be":[129],"sustainable":[130,242],"grow":[132],"through":[133,324],"economic":[136],"development":[137],"(LED)":[138],"agenda.":[139],"aim,":[141],"therefore,":[142],"create":[145],"practical":[147],"strategy":[148],"for":[149,305,344],"LED":[150,315],"practitioners":[151],"enable":[154],"competitiveness":[155],"promote":[157],"sustainability":[159],"African":[162],"Tembisa":[168],"Ivory":[170],"Park":[171],"townships":[172],"Ekurhuleni":[175],"City":[177],"Johannesburg":[179],"municipalities.":[181],"Methods:":[182],"A":[183,317],"concurrent":[184],"mixed-method":[185],"design":[186],"deemed":[188],"appropriate,":[189],"using":[190],"both":[191],"survey":[193],"questionnaire":[194],"semi-structured":[196],"interviews":[197],"collect":[199],"primary":[200],"data.":[201],"Through":[202],"corroborating":[203],"insight,":[204],"lessons":[205],"results":[207],"trade":[209],"notion":[213],"coopetition":[215,227],"foreign-owned":[217],"were":[220],"explored.":[221],"Results:":[222],"Key":[223],"findings":[224],"showed":[225],"is":[228,260,322],"myth,":[230],"their":[238],"advantage":[239],"running":[241],"dominating":[246],"market.":[248],"Foreign":[249],"citizens":[251],"indeed":[252],"dominate":[253],"market,":[257],"yet":[258],"not":[261],"evident":[262],"government\u2019s":[265],"plans,":[266],"proven":[268],"recently":[269],"gaps":[271],"identified":[272],"during":[273],"COVID-19":[275],"relief":[276],"plans.":[277],"Lastly,":[278],"socio-economic":[279],"challenges":[280],"unemployment":[283],"crime":[285],"persist,":[286],"shopsnot":[289],"predominantly":[290],"employing":[291],"Africans":[293],"literature":[295],"would":[296],"suggest.":[297],"Conclusion:":[298],"paper":[300],"concludes":[301],"call":[304],"active":[306],"intentional":[308],"engagement":[309],"practitioners.":[316],"pragmatic":[318],"participatory":[319],"\u201cbottom-up\u201d":[320],"approach":[321,335,343],"recommended":[323],"efficient":[326],"systems":[329],"thinking,":[330],"coupled":[331],"two-pronged":[334],"policy":[337],"addresses":[339],"having":[340],"regulatory":[342],"fair":[345],"standard":[347],"business":[348],"frameworks":[349],"relevant":[351],"key":[352],"stakeholder":[353],"engagement.":[354]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}
