{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166499359","doi":null,"title":"EXTENSION EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA: Issues, Problems and Possible Solutions","display_name":"EXTENSION EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA: Issues, Problems and Possible Solutions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166499359","mag":"3166499359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3166499359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://education.unza.zm/index.php/ZJOCI/article/download/283/266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082821223","display_name":"Wanga Chakanika","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chakanika W. Wanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081265476","display_name":"Lifuka Mukumbi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifuka Mukumbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mongu College of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mongu College of Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012936519","display_name":"Davies Phiri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davies Phiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ministry of Chiefs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ministry of Chiefs","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083502508","display_name":"Nyondwa Zulu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33278361","display_name":"University of Zambia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh19d69","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nyondwa Zulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33278361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67758894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.836899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14274","display_name":"Non-Formal Education and Adult Literacy","score":0.11909999698400497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13464","display_name":"University Extension and Social Responsibility","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-extension-education","display_name":"university extension education","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-zambia","display_name":"University of Zambia","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-shortage","display_name":"labor shortage","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-and-equity","display_name":"access and equity","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-fees","display_name":"user fees","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/admission-requirements","display_name":"admission requirements","score":0.871999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.7230238318443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.5259725451469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.5209559202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.48068270087242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4671100378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.43496304750442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.42972686886787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4233511686325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4222824275493622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.4213995039463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3468475937843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2879977524280548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2785995900630951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21609732508659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15360122919082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.14376959204673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.08413457870483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3166499359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://education.unza.zm/index.php/ZJOCI/article/download/283/266","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183394013","https://openalex.org/W3182933770","https://openalex.org/W2532275911","https://openalex.org/W3137641387","https://openalex.org/W3131991208","https://openalex.org/W2993191401","https://openalex.org/W3214010168","https://openalex.org/W2980049723","https://openalex.org/W3178780637","https://openalex.org/W2765895208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97],"desire":[1],"to":[2,4,26,31,56,151],"respond":[3],"the":[5,10,16,28,33,36,45,57,63,87,139,156,167],"manpower":[6,30],"shortage":[7],"that":[8,51,100,141],"hit":[9],"country":[11],"at":[12],"independence":[13],"culminated":[14],"into":[15,73],"provision":[17,79],"of":[18,38,52,67,83,113,118,122,126,138,169,181],"University":[19,37,54,68],"Extension":[20,69],"Education":[21,55,70],"in":[22,43,77,145],"Zambia.":[23],"In":[24],"order":[25],"produce":[27],"much-needed":[29],"feed":[32],"labour":[34],"market,":[35],"Zambia":[39],"employed":[40],"Resident":[41],"Lecturers":[42],"all":[44],"provincial":[46],"centres.":[47],"Their":[48],"role":[49],"was":[50],"implementing":[53],"community.":[58],"However,":[59],"some":[60],"issues":[61,85,105],"surrounding":[62],"policy":[64],"and":[65,75,80,94,108,116,128,133,173,180],"execution":[66],"have":[71,101,142],"resulted":[72,102],"problems":[74,99,153],"challenges":[76],"its":[78],"achievements.":[81],"Some":[82,137],"these":[84,152],"concern":[86],"management":[88],"style,":[89],"financing,":[90],"infrastructure,":[91],"admission":[92],"requirements":[93],"user":[95,157],"fees.":[96],"major":[98],"from":[103],"such":[104],"include":[106,154],"access":[107],"equity,":[109],"imbalances":[110],"across":[111],"fields":[112],"study,":[114],"accessibility":[115],"user-friendliness":[117],"administrative":[119],"systems,":[120],"lack":[121,125],"human":[123],"resource,":[124],"teaching":[127],"learning":[129],"materials,":[130],"poor":[131],"communication":[132],"low":[134],"participation":[135],"levels.":[136],"recommendations":[140],"been":[143],"made":[144],"this":[146],"article":[147],"as":[148],"a":[149,170],"solution":[150],"lowering":[155],"fees,":[158],"paying":[159],"tutors":[160],"attractive":[161],"allowances,":[162],"designing":[163],"courses":[164],"based":[165],"on":[166],"needs":[168],"particular":[171],"community":[172],"building":[174],"permanent":[175],"structures":[176],"for":[177],"extension":[178],"education":[179],"university":[182],"standard.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}