{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166200982","doi":null,"title":"Lignin derived nano-biocarbon: its deposition on polyurethane foam for wastewater dye adsorption and as a filler for composite applications","display_name":"Lignin derived nano-biocarbon: its deposition on polyurethane foam for wastewater dye adsorption and as a filler for composite applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166200982","mag":"3166200982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/17050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035746796","display_name":"Curtis Seto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Curtis Seto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035746796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11208","display_name":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11208","display_name":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin-valorization","display_name":"lignin valorization","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin-nanoparticles","display_name":"lignin nanoparticles","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyurethane-foam","display_name":"polyurethane foam","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dye-adsorption","display_name":"dye adsorption","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cationic-dye-removal","display_name":"cationic dye removal","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-rubber-composites","display_name":"natural rubber composites","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-reinforcement","display_name":"filler reinforcement","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-biopolymers","display_name":"natural biopolymers","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis","display_name":"pyrolysis","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeta-potential","display_name":"zeta potential","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-based-materials","display_name":"bio-based materials","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-films","display_name":"composite films","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-matrix-adhesion","display_name":"filler-matrix adhesion","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779578285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146322","display_name":"Polyurethane","level":2,"score":0.8661624789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.7493650913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817","display_name":"Lignin","level":2,"score":0.724275529384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905592","display_name":"Filler (materials)","level":2,"score":0.6484874486923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.6421440839767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.630752682685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6094803214073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780357685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154357","display_name":"Nano-","level":2,"score":0.5346853733062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3656020164489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20584756135940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.13417240977287292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05209043622016907}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/17050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},{"id":"mag:3166200982","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/17050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/17050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/17050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Master Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334620","display_name":"Natural Resources Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05hepy730"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3166200982.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3166200982.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192361172","https://openalex.org/W602903301","https://openalex.org/W1192188885","https://openalex.org/W1487812062","https://openalex.org/W1527368117","https://openalex.org/W1557457952","https://openalex.org/W1559416849","https://openalex.org/W1601236454","https://openalex.org/W1968244169","https://openalex.org/W1969356297","https://openalex.org/W1970086833","https://openalex.org/W1975813603","https://openalex.org/W1978986038","https://openalex.org/W1983942319","https://openalex.org/W1985598205","https://openalex.org/W1989752522","https://openalex.org/W1991106788","https://openalex.org/W1992637274","https://openalex.org/W1999573070","https://openalex.org/W2000541069","https://openalex.org/W2001410680","https://openalex.org/W2002974366","https://openalex.org/W2004290061","https://openalex.org/W2008239616","https://openalex.org/W2012095765","https://openalex.org/W2013162795","https://openalex.org/W2019997907","https://openalex.org/W2022063262","https://openalex.org/W2022339418","https://openalex.org/W2022602925","https://openalex.org/W2023131168","https://openalex.org/W2023449089","https://openalex.org/W2028695334","https://openalex.org/W2029024482","https://openalex.org/W2029631666","https://openalex.org/W2030433401","https://openalex.org/W2031350661","https://openalex.org/W2031789679","https://openalex.org/W2034936872","https://openalex.org/W2035180595","https://openalex.org/W2035988267","https://openalex.org/W2036401252","https://openalex.org/W2036919629","https://openalex.org/W2037922216","https://openalex.org/W2038029857","https://openalex.org/W2042005284","https://openalex.org/W2042539856","https://openalex.org/W2044464731","https://openalex.org/W2047964411","https://openalex.org/W2049861801","https://openalex.org/W2056941630","https://openalex.org/W2058272047","https://openalex.org/W2058748860","https://openalex.org/W2062471270","https://openalex.org/W2064191532","https://openalex.org/W2065226232","https://openalex.org/W2069209193","https://openalex.org/W2072407288","https://openalex.org/W2075746121","https://openalex.org/W2079298197","https://openalex.org/W2081471352","https://openalex.org/W2082444527","https://openalex.org/W2082512011","https://openalex.org/W2084441339","https://openalex.org/W2084703486","https://openalex.org/W2089536991","https://openalex.org/W2090550885","https://openalex.org/W2091295711","https://openalex.org/W2093070758","https://openalex.org/W2095892077","https://openalex.org/W2100643813","https://openalex.org/W2104976908","https://openalex.org/W2105394129","https://openalex.org/W2115388907","https://openalex.org/W2119273703","https://openalex.org/W2131210377","https://openalex.org/W2136334331","https://openalex.org/W2137329388","https://openalex.org/W2139567529","https://openalex.org/W2156849172","https://openalex.org/W2158627762","https://openalex.org/W2159620031","https://openalex.org/W2163744558","https://openalex.org/W2164461264","https://openalex.org/W2164791756","https://openalex.org/W2169659951","https://openalex.org/W2169790320","https://openalex.org/W2178858702","https://openalex.org/W2199172748","https://openalex.org/W2200679299","https://openalex.org/W2230648594","https://openalex.org/W2240868859","https://openalex.org/W2295142136","https://openalex.org/W2332915255","https://openalex.org/W2407690456","https://openalex.org/W2409219597","https://openalex.org/W2415046430","https://openalex.org/W2466562666","https://openalex.org/W2508205532","https://openalex.org/W2527434094","https://openalex.org/W2582334932","https://openalex.org/W2582466371","https://openalex.org/W2592702643","https://openalex.org/W2611103763","https://openalex.org/W2612783645","https://openalex.org/W2731977090","https://openalex.org/W2737217596","https://openalex.org/W2737395945","https://openalex.org/W2737668198","https://openalex.org/W2739133916","https://openalex.org/W2744650721","https://openalex.org/W2794909174","https://openalex.org/W2799643765","https://openalex.org/W2805092371","https://openalex.org/W2883911879","https://openalex.org/W2891415604","https://openalex.org/W2891625900","https://openalex.org/W2895871623","https://openalex.org/W2896863742","https://openalex.org/W2910377021","https://openalex.org/W2924028509","https://openalex.org/W2952973092","https://openalex.org/W2964327158","https://openalex.org/W2967750451","https://openalex.org/W2971212539","https://openalex.org/W2981312830","https://openalex.org/W2987863756","https://openalex.org/W2990631496","https://openalex.org/W2995342998","https://openalex.org/W3006457415","https://openalex.org/W3008302326","https://openalex.org/W3020131151","https://openalex.org/W3033809667","https://openalex.org/W3037301102","https://openalex.org/W3047220439","https://openalex.org/W3047278947","https://openalex.org/W3128606275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175475843","https://openalex.org/W7152125439","https://openalex.org/W4390146730","https://openalex.org/W4328090994","https://openalex.org/W3003114380","https://openalex.org/W7015686977","https://openalex.org/W2299621162","https://openalex.org/W4391442270","https://openalex.org/W2790152277","https://openalex.org/W3041614764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,236,253],"use":[1,107,228,333,378,387],"of":[2,40,108,114,125,215,221,258,280,306,323,334,353,379,401],"natural":[3,14,33,346],"biopolymers":[4,34],"has":[5,66,110],"seen":[6],"a":[7,38,46,55,184,230,277],"resurgence,":[8],"due":[9,92],"to":[10,29,93,137,151,164,244,248,268,294,312,409],"their":[11],"performance":[12,305],"in":[13,51,57,62,71,292,303,337,345,363,374,388],"organisms":[15],"and":[16,65,98,106,132,146,160,165,172,187,212,238,251,355,365,381,392,405],"biodegradable":[17],"properties":[18,220,226,257,367],"from":[19,128],"an":[20,372],"environmental":[21],"perspective.":[22],"As":[23,102],"countries":[24],"around":[25],"the":[26,41,104,112,123,158,178,189,216,222,283,295,304,307,313,321,324,332,377,399,402],"world":[27],"continue":[28],"implement":[30],"green":[31],"policies,":[32],"will":[35],"undoubtedly":[36],"be":[37,90,406],"part":[39],"solution":[42],"that":[43,84,177,275,361],"enables":[44],"such":[45,60,74],"transition.":[47],"Lignin":[48],"is":[49],"produced":[50],"large":[52],"quantities":[53],"as":[54,61,75,193,229],"by-product":[56],"lumber":[58],"industries":[59],"pulping":[63],"processes":[64],"historically":[67],"been":[68,111],"only":[69],"utilized":[70],"low-value":[72],"applications,":[73],"being":[76],"burned":[77],"for":[78,87,227,233,320,386],"fuel.":[79],"However,":[80],"studies":[81,404],"have":[82],"shown":[83],"value-added":[85],"applications":[86,339],"lignin":[88,109,126,130],"can":[89,397],"developed":[91],"its":[94,133],"high":[95,99],"carbon":[96,232],"content,":[97],"thermal":[100],"stability.":[101],"such,":[103],"valorization":[105],"subject":[113],"extensive":[115],"research.":[116],"\\n":[117],"In":[118],"this":[119],"thesis,":[120],"research":[121],"on":[122,157,243],"fabrication":[124],"nanoparticles":[127],"pristine":[129],"(LN)":[131],"modification":[134],"via":[135],"freeze-drying":[136],"produce":[138,152,249],"nano-based":[139],"freeze-dried":[140],"lignins":[141],"(NFLN)":[142],"was":[143,155,175,273,310,340,359],"investigated.":[144],"LN":[145,159,237,335,380],"NFLNs":[147],"were":[148,241,262,368],"then":[149],"carbonized":[150],"biocarbons.":[153],"Characterization":[154],"performed":[156,341],"NFLN":[161,239,308,382],"materials,":[162],"prior":[163],"after":[166],"pyrolysis,":[167],"with":[168,297,371],"focus":[169],"towards":[170],"morphology":[171],"functionality.":[173],"It":[174,272],"determined":[176],"overall":[179],"pre-treatment":[180],"process":[181],"imparted":[182],"primarily":[183],"morphological":[185],"change,":[186],"left":[188],"materials":[190],"functionally":[191],"similar":[192],"confirmed":[194],"by":[195,342],"Field":[196],"Emission":[197],"Scanning":[198],"Electron":[199],"Microscopy":[200],"(FE-SEM),":[201],"Fourier":[202],"transform":[203],"infrared":[204],"(FTIR)":[205],"spectroscopy,":[206],"thermogravimetric":[207],"analysis":[208,211,214],"(TGA),":[209],"elemental":[210],"through":[213],"pyrolysis":[217],"data.":[218],"\\nThe":[219],"biocarbons":[223,240,309,383],"demonstrated":[224],"promising":[225],"biobased":[231],"material":[234],"applications.":[235,394],"deposited":[242],"polyurethane":[245],"(PU)":[246],"foam":[247],"LN-PUs":[250,296],"NFLN-PUs.":[252],"cationic":[254],"dye":[255,278,287],"adsorption":[256,322],"biocarbon":[259,336],"coated":[260],"PUs":[261],"investigated":[263],"using":[264],"ultraviolet-visible":[265],"spectroscopy":[266],"(UV-vis)":[267],"determine":[269],"removal":[270,290,299],"efficiencies.":[271],"found":[274,360],"at":[276,288],"concentration":[279],"10":[281,356],"mg/L,":[282],"NFLN-PUs":[284],"removed":[285],"more":[286],"83.3%":[289],"efficiency":[291],"comparison":[293],"59.5%":[298],"efficiency.":[300],"This":[301],"improvement":[302],"attributed":[311],"lower":[314],"zeta":[315],"potentials,":[316],"indicating":[317],"higher":[318],"affinity":[319],"positively":[325],"charged":[326],"dye.":[327],"Furthermore,":[328],"preliminary":[329],"work":[330,396],"into":[331],"composite":[338],"incorporating":[343],"it":[344,358],"rubber":[347],"(NR)":[348],"films.":[349],"At":[350],"loading":[351],"levels":[352],"5":[354],"phr,":[357],"improvements":[362],"tensile":[364],"tear":[366],"observed,":[369],"along":[370],"increase":[373],"modulus.":[375],"Overall,":[376],"show":[384],"promise":[385],"adsorbent,":[389],"coating,":[390],"filler":[391],"pigment":[393],"Future":[395],"involve":[398],"optimization":[400],"described":[403],"further":[407],"extended":[408],"other":[410],"polymer":[411],"systems.":[412]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}