{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164809727","doi":null,"title":"Challenges of Leadership in the Twenty-First Century","display_name":"Challenges of Leadership in the Twenty-First Century","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164809727","mag":"3164809727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:jleg-1720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Legislation","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076144715","display_name":"Leon E. Panetta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leon E. Panetta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076144715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11074239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.7279999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.7279999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13459","display_name":"Public Administration and Political Analysis","score":0.17970000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.051500000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-leadership","display_name":"political leadership","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-governance","display_name":"democratic governance","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-government","display_name":"constitutional government","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/checks-and-balances","display_name":"checks and balances","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-stalemate","display_name":"political stalemate","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elected-officials","display_name":"elected officials","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enlightenment","display_name":"Enlightenment","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-of-powers","display_name":"separation of powers","score":0.6990000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43024951219558716}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:jleg-1720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Legislation","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3164809727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1720&context=jleg","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of legislation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.nd.edu:jleg-1720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol47/iss2/1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57128295","display_name":"Journal of legislation","issn_l":"0146-9584","issn":["0146-9584"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316639","host_organization_name":"Notre Dame Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316639","https://openalex.org/P4310316167"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Notre Dame Law School","University of Notre Dame"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Legislation","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164809727.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164809727.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4372015354","https://openalex.org/W1488234755","https://openalex.org/W4371808293","https://openalex.org/W4371807689","https://openalex.org/W4371803019","https://openalex.org/W4371805839","https://openalex.org/W2902976609","https://openalex.org/W4372015357","https://openalex.org/W4371796511","https://openalex.org/W6983099045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,111,116,154,157,197,238],"fair":[2],"to":[3,85,108,118,132,204,218,229,244,281],"say":[4],"that":[5,20,126,151,206],"the":[6,21,29,40,48,51,71,86,94,103,114,120,127,147,179,210,231,239,242,256,262,282,286,296,299],"institutions":[7],"of":[8,23,42,50,55,90,96,105,149,166,212,241,255,258,285,298],"our":[9,181,236,259,269],"democracy":[10,237],"have":[11,264],"been":[12,188,265],"seriously":[13,266],"tested":[14,33,267],"in":[15,28,102,135,251,261],"recent":[16],"years.Our":[17],"forefathers":[18,98],"understood":[19],"system":[22],"governing":[24],"they":[25,46,68,159,227,302],"had":[26],"designed":[27],"Constitution":[30,263],"would":[31],"be":[32],"because":[34],"it":[35,123,186,196],"was":[36,124],"primarily":[37],"dependent":[38],"on":[39,74,78,178,209],"quality":[41],"elected":[43,106,213],"leadership.After":[44],"all,":[45],"were":[47],"sons":[49],"Enlightenment":[52],"--that":[53],"period":[54],"history":[56,150,182,270],"where":[57],"philosophers":[58],"like":[59],"Hobbes,":[60],"Montesquieu,":[61],"Locke,":[62],"Voltaire,":[63],"Kant,":[64],"and":[65,82,93,171,176,215,223,249,291],"others":[66],"believed":[67],"could":[69],"improve":[70],"human":[72],"condition":[73],"earth":[75],"by":[76,271],"relying":[77],"reason,":[79],"science,":[80],"tolerance,":[81],"a":[83,136,138,142,174,184,199],"devotion":[84],"fundamental":[87],"natural":[88],"rights":[89],"life,":[91],"liberty,":[92],"pursuit":[95],"happiness.Our":[97],"placed":[99],"their":[100,216],"trust":[101],"ability":[104,217],"leaders":[107,248],"do":[109],"what":[110],"right":[112],"for":[113,192,201],"nation.Leadership":[115],"critical":[117],"democracy.At":[119],"Constitutional":[121],"Convention,":[122],"clear":[125],"delegates":[128],"did":[129],"not":[130],"want":[131],"centralize":[133],"power":[134,152,155,240],"King,":[137],"King":[139],"Parliament,":[140],"or":[141],"Star":[143],"Chamber":[144],"Court.They":[145],"learned":[146],"lessons":[148],"centralized":[153],"abused.That":[156],"why":[158],"established":[160],"three":[161],"separate":[162],"but":[163,195],"equal":[164],"branches":[165],"government":[167],"--the":[168],"executive,":[169],"legislative,":[170],"judicial":[172],"--each":[173],"check":[175,233],"balance":[177],"others.Throughout":[180],"as":[183,295],"nation,":[185],"has":[187],"an":[189],"effective":[190],"formula":[191,200],"limiting":[193],"power,":[194],"also":[198],"gridlock.The":[202],"key":[203],"breaking":[205],"gridlock":[207],"rests":[208],"leadership":[211],"officials":[214],"work":[219],"together,":[220],"find":[221],"consensus,":[222],"move":[224],"forward.And":[225],"if":[226],"fail":[228],"govern,":[230],"ultimate":[232],"built":[234],"into":[235],"people":[243],"vote":[245],"out":[246],"failed":[247],"elect":[250],"new":[252],"leadership.But":[253],"all":[254],"hopes":[257],"Founders":[260],"throughout":[268],"unprecedented":[272],"crises.":[273],"I.":[274],"CRISIS":[275],"&":[276],"OUR":[277],"DEMOCRACYThe":[278],"Bible":[279],"refers":[280],"Four":[283],"Horsemen":[284],"Apocalypse":[287],"--Conquest,":[288],"War,":[289],"Famine,":[290],"Death":[292],"--all":[293],"known":[294],"harbingers":[297],"Last":[300],"Judgment.Today,":[301]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-31T07:19:18.363097","created_date":"2021-06-07T00:00:00"}