{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164400718","doi":null,"title":"Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Imaging Studies in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in a Tertiary Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.","display_name":"Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography Imaging Studies in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in a Tertiary Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164400718","mag":"3164400718","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:34051718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West African journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083263102","display_name":"Ramatu Mohammed-Nafiu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099503","display_name":"National Hospital Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/014j33z40","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Mohammed-Nafi'u","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110716223","display_name":"O Oniyangi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099503","display_name":"National Hospital Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/014j33z40","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O Oniyangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085850339","display_name":"AliyuO Akano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099503","display_name":"National Hospital Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/014j33z40","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A O Akano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032952973","display_name":"HA Aikhionbare","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113532","display_name":"University of Benin Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhczc28","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113532"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H A Aikhionbare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113532"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112549436","display_name":"E J Okon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099503","display_name":"National Hospital Abuja","ror":"https://ror.org/014j33z40","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E J Okon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099503"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06374479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"460","last_page":"464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10554","display_name":"Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11721","display_name":"Blood properties and coagulation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sickle-cell-disease","display_name":"sickle cell disease","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-risk","display_name":"stroke risk","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-blood-flow-velocity","display_name":"cerebral blood flow velocity","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-cerebral-artery","display_name":"middle cerebral artery","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-doppler","display_name":"transcranial Doppler","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemispheric-asymmetry","display_name":"hemispheric lateralization","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-carotid-artery","display_name":"internal carotid artery","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-cerebral-artery","display_name":"posterior cerebral artery","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-prevention","display_name":"stroke prevention","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9204254150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191616109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512319","display_name":"Transcranial Doppler","level":2,"score":0.6705109477043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.6691902875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779546523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143511","display_name":"Pediatric stroke","level":4,"score":0.5119034051895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5055587291717529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020200829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Stroke risk","level":4,"score":0.4434598982334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498179","display_name":"Middle cerebral artery","level":3,"score":0.42363056540489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Ischemic stroke","level":3,"score":0.30915018916130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.260434627532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541997718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188151","display_name":"Ischemia","level":2,"score":0.07058358192443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000755","descriptor_name":"Anemia, Sickle Cell","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009549","descriptor_name":"Nigeria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009549","descriptor_name":"Nigeria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009549","descriptor_name":"Nigeria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017585","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017585","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017585","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062606","descriptor_name":"Tertiary Care Centers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062606","descriptor_name":"Tertiary Care Centers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062606","descriptor_name":"Tertiary Care Centers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:34051718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"West African journal of medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:3164400718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34051718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8399999737739563}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W15455520","https://openalex.org/W21699804","https://openalex.org/W2872721","https://openalex.org/W5562993","https://openalex.org/W162110","https://openalex.org/W285540","https://openalex.org/W7146178","https://openalex.org/W21357999","https://openalex.org/W20442690","https://openalex.org/W14937567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Stroke":[1],"risk":[2,57,243,254],"in":[3,32,94,119,191,199,239,255],"sickle":[4],"cell":[5],"anaemia":[6],"(SCA)":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"detected":[10],"by":[11,20,108],"abnormalities":[12],"of":[13,36,46,52,58,74,223,235,244],"cerebral":[14,103],"blood":[15],"flow":[16],"velocities":[17],"(CBFV),":[18],"measurable":[19],"Transcranial":[21],"Doppler":[22],"Imaging":[23],"(TCDI)":[24],"ultrasonography.":[25],"This":[26,69,173,228],"has":[27],"become":[28],"an":[29],"important":[30],"strategy":[31],"the":[33,44,50,83,96,101,114,136,192,200,216,219,247],"routine":[34,250],"care":[35],"children":[37,53,76,157,236,256],"with":[38,54,80,158,205,237,257],"SCA":[39,55,81,120,238],"globally.":[40],"OBJECTIVES:":[41],"To":[42],"determine":[43],"pattern":[45],"CBFV":[47,99,134,139,176,196,217],"and":[48,98,149,169,186,203,207,221,225],"document":[49],"proportion":[51,234],"at":[56,60,86,242],"stroke":[59,115,124,253],"National":[61],"Hospital":[62],"Abuja":[63],"(NHA),":[64],"Nigeria":[65,240],"using":[66],"TCDI.":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"was":[70,92,130,197],"a":[71,232],"cross-sectional":[72],"study":[73,174,229],"130":[75,156],"aged":[77,160],"2-16":[78],"years":[79],"attending":[82],"haematology":[84],"clinic":[85],"NHA.":[87],"Systematic":[88],"random":[89],"sampling":[90],"method":[91],"used":[93,121],"recruiting":[95],"participants":[97],"over":[100],"middle":[102],"artery":[104],"(MCA)":[105],"were":[106,142,155,171,211,241],"measured":[107],"TCDI":[109,129],"technique.":[110],"The":[111,194],"criteria":[112],"from":[113,135],"prevention":[116],"(STOP)":[117],"trial":[118],"to":[122,132],"stratify":[123],"risk,":[125],"as":[126],"modified":[127],"for":[128,249,252],"employed":[131],"evaluate":[133],"study.":[137],"Thus,":[138],"(stroke":[140,177],"risk)":[141,178],"normal":[143,180],"(standard)":[144],"<":[145],"155cm/sec,":[146],"conditional":[147,183],"155-179cm/sec":[148],"abnormal":[150,187],"(high)":[151,188],">180cm/sec.":[152],"RESULTS:":[153],"There":[154,210],"SCA,":[159],"7.7":[161],"\u00b1":[162,166],"4.1":[163],"(mean":[164],"age":[165],"SD)":[167],"years;":[168],"59.2%":[170],"males.":[172],"documented":[175,230],"as:":[179],"106":[181],"(81.5%),":[182],"15":[184],"(11.5%)":[185],"9":[189],"(6.9%)":[190],"MCA.":[193],"highest":[195],"recorded":[198],"right":[201,220],"MCA":[202],"ICA":[204],"272cm/sec":[206],"262cm/sec,":[208],"respectively.":[209],"significant":[212,233],"interhemispheric":[213],"differences":[214],"between":[215],"on":[218],"left":[222],"PCA":[224],"ICA.":[226],"CONCLUSION:":[227],"that":[231],"stroke.":[245],"Hence,":[246],"need":[248],"monitoring":[251],"SCA.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
