{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162932437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","title":"A Multiple Imputation Approach for Handling Missing Data in Classification and Regression Trees","display_name":"A Multiple Imputation Approach for Handling Missing Data in Classification and Regression Trees","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162932437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","mag":"3162932437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","pdf_url":"https://jbds.isdsa.org/index.php/jbds/article/download/13/9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194159","display_name":"Journal of Behavioral Data Science","issn_l":"2574-1284","issn":["2574-1284","2575-8306"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Behavioral Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jbds.isdsa.org/index.php/jbds/article/download/13/9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031155686","display_name":"Danielle Rodgers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danielle M. Rodgers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060635481","display_name":"Ross Jacobucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-7424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-7424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross Jacobucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060956262","display_name":"Kevin J. Grimm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-4469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-4469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Grimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031155686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75259624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"127","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13373","display_name":"Data Mining and Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"missing data","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"decision tree","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-and-regression-trees","display_name":"classification and regression trees","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-imputation","display_name":"multiple imputation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listwise-deletion","display_name":"listwise deletion","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"majority rule","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-at-random","display_name":"missing at random","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-splitting","display_name":"tree splitting","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.9316869378089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.8717918992042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6154226064682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5921440720558167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3794625997543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2816280424594879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27956393361091614}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","pdf_url":"https://jbds.isdsa.org/index.php/jbds/article/download/13/9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194159","display_name":"Journal of Behavioral Data Science","issn_l":"2574-1284","issn":["2574-1284","2575-8306"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Behavioral Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35566/jbds/v1n1/p6","pdf_url":"https://jbds.isdsa.org/index.php/jbds/article/download/13/9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194159","display_name":"Journal of Behavioral Data Science","issn_l":"2574-1284","issn":["2574-1284","2575-8306"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Behavioral Data Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162932437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162932437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124100703","https://openalex.org/W415002204","https://openalex.org/W1492815834","https://openalex.org/W1512383952","https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1610612296","https://openalex.org/W1957053378","https://openalex.org/W1980412685","https://openalex.org/W1983479840","https://openalex.org/W1984945340","https://openalex.org/W2008599619","https://openalex.org/W2015191101","https://openalex.org/W2016023958","https://openalex.org/W2021658772","https://openalex.org/W2027850864","https://openalex.org/W2031668066","https://openalex.org/W2065262588","https://openalex.org/W2068331431","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2071767222","https://openalex.org/W2086892307","https://openalex.org/W2100358124","https://openalex.org/W2115098571","https://openalex.org/W2118502261","https://openalex.org/W2123998733","https://openalex.org/W2138706729","https://openalex.org/W2147234027","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2184820093","https://openalex.org/W2581082906","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2756948996","https://openalex.org/W2765368887","https://openalex.org/W2798578688","https://openalex.org/W2902085258","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W4237254037","https://openalex.org/W4237638794","https://openalex.org/W4238950429","https://openalex.org/W4241851839","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4298400715","https://openalex.org/W4399570248","https://openalex.org/W6625092038","https://openalex.org/W6677724928","https://openalex.org/W6721667826","https://openalex.org/W6806061180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065709315","https://openalex.org/W2071767222","https://openalex.org/W2939002775","https://openalex.org/W2902085258","https://openalex.org/W4386555120","https://openalex.org/W6909029252","https://openalex.org/W2585090181","https://openalex.org/W2011764809","https://openalex.org/W1513289763","https://openalex.org/W2032441932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decision":[0],"trees":[1],"(DTs)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,52,74,78,135,161],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"technique":[7],"that":[8,19],"searches":[9],"the":[10,14,22,26,35,49,56,82,91,174,199,207],"predictor":[11],"space":[12],"for":[13,217],"variable":[15,36],"and":[16,37,113,146,160,192],"observed":[17],"value":[18,76],"leads":[20],"to":[21,69,98,140],"best":[23,205],"prediction":[24,165],"when":[25,181],"data":[27,50,59,88,106,126,143,153,179,182,211,220],"are":[28],"split":[29],"into":[30,77],"two":[31],"nodes":[32],"based":[33,80],"on":[34,81],"splitting":[38,84],"value.":[39],"The":[40,187],"algorithm":[41],"repeats":[42],"its":[43,96],"search":[44],"within":[45],"each":[46,177],"partition":[47],"of":[48,66,95,176],"until":[51],"stopping":[53],"rule":[54],"ends":[55],"search.":[57],"Missing":[58],"can":[60,89],"be":[61],"problematic":[62],"in":[63,119,144,206,221],"DTs":[64],"because":[65,94],"an":[67,71],"inability":[68,97],"place":[70,99],"observation":[72],"with":[73,101,150,164,198,215],"missing":[75,87,102,105,125,142,152,178,210,219],"node":[79],"chosen":[83],"variable.":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"alter":[90],"selection":[92],"process":[93],"observations":[100],"values.":[103],"Simple":[104],"approaches":[107,154],"(e.g.,":[108],"listwise":[109],"deletion,":[110],"majority":[111],"rule,":[112],"surrogate":[114,193],"split)":[115],"have":[116,128],"been":[117,130],"implemented":[118],"DT":[120],"algorithms;":[121],"however,":[122],"more":[123,208],"sophisticated":[124],"techniques":[127],"not":[129],"thoroughly":[131],"examined.":[132],"We":[133,213],"propose":[134],"modified":[136],"multiple":[137,162,189,201],"imputation":[138,159,163,190,202],"approach":[139,149,180,191,203],"handling":[141,218],"DTs,":[145],"compare":[147],"this":[148],"simple":[151],"as":[155,157],"well":[156],"single":[158],"averaging":[166],"via":[167],"Monte":[168],"Carlo":[169],"Simulation.":[170],"This":[171],"study":[172],"evaluated":[173],"performance":[175,197],"were":[183],"MAR":[184],"or":[185],"MCAR.":[186],"proposed":[188,200],"splits":[194],"had":[195],"superior":[196],"performing":[204],"severe":[209],"conditions.":[212],"conclude":[214],"recommendations":[216],"DTs.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-05-24T00:00:00"}