{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161069401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","title":"The Neurophysiology of Caffeine as a Central Nervous System Stimulant and the Resultant Effects on Cognitive Function","display_name":"The Neurophysiology of Caffeine as a Central Nervous System Stimulant and the Resultant Effects on Cognitive Function","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161069401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","mag":"3161069401","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34150383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.15032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/60112-the-neurophysiology-of-caffeine-as-a-central-nervous-system-stimulant-and-the-resultant-effects-on-cognitive-function.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/60112-the-neurophysiology-of-caffeine-as-a-central-nervous-system-stimulant-and-the-resultant-effects-on-cognitive-function.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050618591","display_name":"Brian Fiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-4633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-4633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117660","display_name":"Desert Regional Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqk1764","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Fiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039404033","display_name":"Lawrence Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104314","display_name":"New York Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bghzb51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104314"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Glen Head, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066516715","display_name":"Brian Musch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161088229","display_name":"William Carey University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r7c7356","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161088229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian L Musch","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161088229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069361340","display_name":"Sean A Briceno","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18241798","display_name":"Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04679fh62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18241798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Briceno","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18241798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079265928","display_name":"Ross Andel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-4790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-4790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross Andel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028826322","display_name":"Nasreen A. Sadeq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasreen Sadeq","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029764785","display_name":"Ali Z Ansari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161088229","display_name":"William Carey University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r7c7356","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161088229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Z Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161088229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8706,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98975099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"e15032","last_page":"e15032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11264","display_name":"Coffee research and impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caffeine","display_name":"caffeine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychostimulants","display_name":"psychostimulants","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylxanthines","display_name":"methylxanthines","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention","display_name":"attention","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-speed","display_name":"processing speed","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory","display_name":"memory","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mood","display_name":"mood","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coffee-consumption","display_name":"coffee consumption","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780557958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211036","display_name":"Stimulant","level":2,"score":0.7888801693916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.7572497129440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778500429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235","display_name":"Caffeine","level":2,"score":0.7522772550582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.636803388595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.589495062828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.457857221364975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41022664308547974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3681829273700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3187313377857208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.23960763216018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16304734349250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.14780846238136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.15032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/60112-the-neurophysiology-of-caffeine-as-a-central-nervous-system-stimulant-and-the-resultant-effects-on-cognitive-function.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34150383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34150383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8202818","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8202818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.15032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15032","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/60112-the-neurophysiology-of-caffeine-as-a-central-nervous-system-stimulant-and-the-resultant-effects-on-cognitive-function.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161069401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161069401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511275384","https://openalex.org/W1515275094","https://openalex.org/W1973939321","https://openalex.org/W1988285516","https://openalex.org/W2009375663","https://openalex.org/W2012553932","https://openalex.org/W2019643046","https://openalex.org/W2072589191","https://openalex.org/W2124517301","https://openalex.org/W2138287659","https://openalex.org/W2139817708","https://openalex.org/W2145427343","https://openalex.org/W2160283180","https://openalex.org/W2173602553","https://openalex.org/W2424527572","https://openalex.org/W2553134839","https://openalex.org/W2566535283","https://openalex.org/W2762078336","https://openalex.org/W2910969363","https://openalex.org/W2969711311","https://openalex.org/W2977478500","https://openalex.org/W3007702456","https://openalex.org/W3039201349","https://openalex.org/W3039345111","https://openalex.org/W3041598772","https://openalex.org/W3105313744","https://openalex.org/W4253482279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992051646","https://openalex.org/W4387644765","https://openalex.org/W2020059354","https://openalex.org/W2068997830","https://openalex.org/W2091276981","https://openalex.org/W2020458168","https://openalex.org/W2086606833","https://openalex.org/W4237228987","https://openalex.org/W2055223771","https://openalex.org/W2402180436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Caffeine":[0,25,41],"is":[1,26,99],"one":[2],"of":[3,18,46,71,91,100,127,140,144,153,206,237],"the":[4,11,49,61,88,96,105,125,151,174,207,227,235,240],"world's":[5],"most":[6,175],"consumed":[7,21],"drugs.":[8],"According":[9],"to":[10,103],"Washington":[12],"Post":[13],"(2015),":[14],"two":[15],"billion":[16],"cups":[17],"coffee":[19],"are":[20,58],"per":[22],"day":[23],"worldwide.":[24],"classified":[27],"as":[28,186,212],"a":[29,53,198,214],"central":[30],"nervous":[31],"system":[32],"(CNS)":[33],"stimulant":[34],"and":[35,85,160,221,226,239],"an":[36,170],"organic":[37],"molecule":[38],"called":[39],"methylxanthine.":[40],"has":[42,65,110],"three":[43,138],"notable":[44],"mechanisms":[45],"action":[47],"on":[48,66,74,111,121,130,136,155,172,191,218,234,243],"CNS":[50],"that":[51,63,107,165,194],"produce":[52],"psychostimulant":[54],"effect.":[55],"These":[56],"effects":[57,70,106,129,152,242],"responsible":[59],"for":[60],"effect":[62,171,190,217],"caffeine":[64,72,94,154,167,185,211,238],"cognitive":[67,75,113,131,244],"function.":[68,114,245],"The":[69,142,204],"consumption":[73],"function":[76],"have":[77,169],"been":[78],"demonstrated":[79],"across":[80],"several":[81],"studies":[82,146,208],"involving":[83],"humans":[84],"animals.":[86],"With":[87],"immense":[89],"number":[90],"people":[92],"consuming":[93],"around":[95],"world,":[97],"it":[98,195],"vital":[101],"importance":[102],"study":[104],"this":[108,122],"drug":[109],"people's":[112],"This":[115],"literature":[116],"review":[117],"provides":[118],"useful":[119],"insights":[120],"question":[123],"through":[124],"analysis":[126],"caffeine's":[128,137],"function,":[132],"along":[133],"with":[134],"information":[135],"modes":[139],"action.":[141],"findings":[143,230],"recent":[145],"show":[147],"mixed":[148],"results":[149],"regarding":[150],"mood,":[156,173],"attention,":[157,192],"processing":[158,202],"speed,":[159],"memory.":[161],"Current":[162,229],"research":[163,233],"suggests":[164],"if":[166],"does":[168],"significant":[176,189,215],"changes":[177],"may":[178],"be":[179],"anxiety.":[180],"Studies":[181],"did":[182,196],"not":[183],"support":[184],"having":[187,213],"any":[188],"but":[193],"play":[197],"role":[199],"in":[200,224],"enhancing":[201],"speed.":[203],"majority":[205],"reviewed":[209],"suggest":[210],"positive":[216],"both":[219],"short":[220],"long-term":[222],"memory":[223],"adults":[225],"elderly.":[228],"warrant":[231],"continued":[232],"association":[236],"resultant":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-20T09:52:01.089006","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}