{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159595293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","title":"Engineering Geophysical Investigation of Road Failure in a Basement Complex Terrain, Southwestern Nigeria","display_name":"Engineering Geophysical Investigation of Road Failure in a Basement Complex Terrain, Southwestern Nigeria","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159595293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","mag":"3159595293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765036599","display_name":"Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International","issn_l":"2454-7352","issn":["2454-7352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044625596","display_name":"Ismaila Abiodun Akinlabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismaila Abiodun Akinlabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053609093","display_name":"Christianah Oluwakemi Adegboyega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-0790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-0790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christianah Oluwakemi Adegboyega","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42700575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"40","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.09780000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pavement-failure","display_name":"pavement failure","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-subgrade","display_name":"road subgrade","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clayey-subgrade","display_name":"clayey subgrade","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductivity-structure","display_name":"electrical conductivity structure","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basement-complex-terrain","display_name":"basement complex terrain","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poor-drainage","display_name":"poor drainage","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atterberg-limits","display_name":"Atterberg limits","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california-bearing-ratio","display_name":"California bearing ratio","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-density","display_name":"dry density","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandy-clay","display_name":"sandy clay","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ibadan","display_name":"Ibadan","score":0.9549999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80656479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14479002","display_name":"Vertical electrical sounding","level":4,"score":0.7097424268722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116973930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143620","display_name":"Atterberg limits","level":3,"score":0.6841341853141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6834380626678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.642162561416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121923324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681004","display_name":"Subsoil","level":3,"score":0.6098076105117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6075258255004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5030104517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.4938667416572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161222754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270699","display_name":"Silt","level":2,"score":0.42756080627441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2838789224624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.2711285948753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.1590997278690338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.12183338403701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.12121349573135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07136160135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765036599","display_name":"Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International","issn_l":"2454-7352","issn":["2454-7352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journaljgeesi.com:article/517","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journaljgeesi.com/index.php/JGEESI/article/view/517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765036599","display_name":"Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International","issn_l":"2454-7352","issn":["2454-7352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2454-7352","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05233114v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05233114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 2021, 25 (2), pp.40-51","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2021/v25i230270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765036599","display_name":"Journal of Geography Environment and Earth Science International","issn_l":"2454-7352","issn":["2454-7352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7368999719619751,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350255732","https://openalex.org/W617452919","https://openalex.org/W2078069740","https://openalex.org/W2360105951","https://openalex.org/W2381627840","https://openalex.org/W2375640658","https://openalex.org/W4385660355","https://openalex.org/W2373336509","https://openalex.org/W2262225854","https://openalex.org/W2371726420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geoelectrical":[0],"and":[1,41,54,80,100,104,134,189,218,231,233,246,264],"geotechnical":[2,125],"investigations":[3],"were":[4,93,107,116],"conducted":[5,32,67,139],"to":[6,87,177,257,299],"determine":[7],"factors":[8],"responsible":[9],"for":[10,240],"pavement":[11,254,296],"failure":[12,250],"in":[13,20,291,297],"some":[14],"segments":[15,40,148,184],"of":[16,45,51,58,77,113,155,170,181,195,207,228,243,251,261,277,288,293],"Adebayo":[17],"Alao-Akala":[18],"road":[19,253,295],"Ibadan,":[21],"southwestern":[22],"Nigeria.":[23],"The":[24,90,124,146,179,205,249,267],"geoelectrical":[25],"investigation":[26,126],"employed":[27],"Schlumberger":[28],"vertical":[29],"electrical":[30,62],"sounding":[31],"at":[33],"fifteen":[34],"stations":[35],"occupied":[36],"along":[37],"two":[38],"failed":[39,147,183],"one":[42],"stable":[43,163,197,268],"segment":[44,164,198,269],"the":[46,69,114,119,144,162,182,196,252,258,262,281,294],"road,":[47],"using":[48,68],"station":[49],"spacing":[50],"25":[52],"m":[53,79],"maximum":[55,208],"electrode":[56,71,74],"spread":[57],"100":[59],"m.":[60,89],"2D":[61,110,121],"resistivity":[63,111,122,156],"survey":[64],"was":[65],"also":[66],"dipole-dipole":[70],"array":[72],"with":[73,223],"spacing,":[75],"a,":[76],"1":[78,86],"expansion":[81],"factor,":[82],"n":[83],"varied":[84],"from":[85,118,175],"5":[88],"VES":[91],"data":[92],"interpreted":[94],"quantitatively":[95],"by":[96,151,272,285],"partial":[97],"curve":[98],"matching":[99],"computer":[101],"iteration":[102],"technique":[103],"geoelectric":[105],"sections":[106],"generated":[108],"while":[109,161,193],"structures":[112],"subsurface":[115],"produced":[117],"inverted":[120],"data.":[123],"involved":[127],"Grain":[128],"size":[129],"distribution,":[130],"Atterberg":[131],"limits,":[132],"Compaction":[133],"California":[135,234],"Bearing":[136],"Ratio":[137],"tests":[138],"on":[140],"subsoils":[141,180],"collected":[142],"beneath":[143],"segment.":[145],"are":[149,199,211],"underlain":[150,271],"low-resistivity":[152],"clayey":[153,203,259,282],"subgrade":[154,274,283],"mostly":[157],"less":[158],"than":[159],"100\u2126m":[160],"overlies":[165],"sandy":[166,187,190,202],"clay/clayey":[167],"sand":[168],"mixture":[169],"relatively":[171],"higher":[172],"resistivity,":[173],"ranging":[174],"200\u2126m":[176],"530\u2126m.":[178],"comprise":[185],"high-plasticity":[186],"clay":[188,192],"gravelly":[191],"those":[194],"medium":[200],"plasticity":[201],"gravel.":[204],"values":[206],"dry":[209],"density":[210],"1.46":[212],"Mg/m3-1.73":[213],"Mg/m3,":[214],"1.71":[215],"Mg/m3-1.86":[216],"Mg/m3":[217,221],"1.75":[219],"Mg/m3-1.82":[220],"respectively,":[222],"corresponding":[224],"optimum":[225],"moisture":[226],"content":[227],"7%-8%,":[229,244],"11%-20%":[230],"10%-17%":[232],"bearing":[235],"ratio":[236],"under":[237],"soaked":[238],"condition":[239],"48":[241],"hours":[242],"17%-20%":[245],"11%-17%":[247],"respectively.":[248],"is":[255,270],"attributable":[256],"nature":[260],"subgrade,":[263],"poor":[265,286],"drainage.":[266],"excellent-to-good":[273],"materials.":[275],"Ingress":[276],"surface":[278],"water":[279],"into":[280],"occasioned":[284],"drainage":[287],"run-off":[289],"resulted":[290],"deformation":[292],"response":[298],"vehicular":[300],"load.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
