{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157906910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","title":"Adversarial Gaussian Denoiser for Multiple-Level Image Denoising","display_name":"Adversarial Gaussian Denoiser for Multiple-Level Image Denoising","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157906910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","mag":"3157906910","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923320","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8123214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2998/pdf?version=1619415240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2998/pdf?version=1619415240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025271147","display_name":"Aamir Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2708"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522875","display_name":"Weidong Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-1609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-1609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405279208","display_name":"Nanning University","ror":"https://ror.org/014qwcd09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405279208"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["China-ASEAN International Joint Laboratory of Integrated Transport, Nanning University, Nanning 530000, China","School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China-ASEAN International Joint Laboratory of Integrated Transport, Nanning University, Nanning 530000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279208"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074571136","display_name":"Amir Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-061X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-061X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-061X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018806000","display_name":"MuhibUr Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-7862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-7862"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MuhibUr Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-7862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733741","display_name":"Desheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-2657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8288-2657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101522875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405279208","https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"fwci":1.3316,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79990616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"2998","last_page":"2998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-denoising","display_name":"image denoising","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-denoising","display_name":"Gaussian denoising","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-networks","display_name":"generative adversarial networks","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blurriness","display_name":"blurriness","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-preservation","display_name":"texture preservation","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"adversarial learning","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7279999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.7141236662864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.673394501209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6335417628288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5579941868782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5492968559265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5290459990501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5027449131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4942319691181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101453961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7048948","display_name":"Non-local means","level":4,"score":0.46133363246917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983327147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Image denoising","level":3,"score":0.46118858456611633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.4394858777523041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3576185703277588}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2998/pdf?version=1619415240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8123214","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8123214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33923320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:9432","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/9432/","pdf_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/9432/1/2021_Khan_Adversarial_Gaussian_Denoiser_MultipleLevel_Image.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khan, A., Jin, W., Haider, A., Rahman, M.U., & Wang, D. (2021). Adversarial Gaussian Denoiser for Multiple-Level Image Denoising. Sensors, 21(9), 30 pages.","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d93e9df9bbde4ee09376cd655a35bd54","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d93e9df9bbde4ee09376cd655a35bd54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 2998 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092998","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2998/pdf?version=1619415240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7060426473","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u76d1\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u5217\u8f66\u670d\u5f79\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6001\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61134002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157906910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157906910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1915360731","https://openalex.org/W1978749115","https://openalex.org/W1998808035","https://openalex.org/W2023594478","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2077646121","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2098477387","https://openalex.org/W2111954528","https://openalex.org/W2114122776","https://openalex.org/W2119290843","https://openalex.org/W2121845348","https://openalex.org/W2127877311","https://openalex.org/W2130975789","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2146337213","https://openalex.org/W2153663612","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295537950","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2339754110","https://openalex.org/W2342877626","https://openalex.org/W2434741482","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2536599074","https://openalex.org/W2552465644","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2626739722","https://openalex.org/W2731516742","https://openalex.org/W2732523498","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2764207251","https://openalex.org/W2768546798","https://openalex.org/W2784344583","https://openalex.org/W2792572768","https://openalex.org/W2798278116","https://openalex.org/W2885033426","https://openalex.org/W2890581551","https://openalex.org/W2895782890","https://openalex.org/W2902857081","https://openalex.org/W2940934318","https://openalex.org/W2947686067","https://openalex.org/W2954388561","https://openalex.org/W2956015785","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W2972158684","https://openalex.org/W2980876396","https://openalex.org/W2982065386","https://openalex.org/W2982465093","https://openalex.org/W3000255543","https://openalex.org/W3001410142","https://openalex.org/W3017337076","https://openalex.org/W3044772737","https://openalex.org/W3048259384","https://openalex.org/W3111081528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798278116","https://openalex.org/W4220920031","https://openalex.org/W2986193159","https://openalex.org/W2943498139","https://openalex.org/W3101559505","https://openalex.org/W4290466117","https://openalex.org/W2910660368","https://openalex.org/W2739587484","https://openalex.org/W3154498346","https://openalex.org/W2908884559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"denoising":[1,27,34,39,90,131,136],"is":[2,7],"a":[3,22,43,62],"challenging":[4],"task":[5],"that":[6,46,118],"essential":[8],"in":[9],"numerous":[10],"computer":[11],"vision":[12],"and":[13,20,128],"image":[14,26,33,89],"processing":[15],"problems.":[16],"This":[17,92],"study":[18,64],"proposes":[19],"applies":[21],"generative":[23,82],"adversarial":[24,75,83,85],"network-based":[25,38,84],"training":[28],"architecture":[29],"to":[30,103],"multiple-level":[31],"Gaussian":[32,76],"tasks.":[35,91],"Convolutional":[36],"neural":[37],"approaches":[40],"come":[41],"across":[42],"blurriness":[44,57,96,126],"issue":[45],"produces":[47],"denoised":[48],"images":[49,110],"blurry":[50,113],"on":[51],"texture":[52],"details.":[53],"To":[54],"resolve":[55,124],"the":[56,66,69,81,95,100,105,119,125,134],"issue,":[58],"we":[59,72],"first":[60],"performed":[61],"theoretical":[63],"of":[65,68,107,112],"cause":[67],"problem.":[70],"Subsequently,":[71],"proposed":[73,120],"an":[74],"denoiser":[77,101],"network,":[78],"which":[79],"uses":[80],"learning":[86],"process":[87],"for":[88],"framework":[93,121],"resolves":[94],"problem":[97,127],"by":[98],"encouraging":[99],"network":[102],"find":[104],"distribution":[106],"sharp":[108],"noise-free":[109],"instead":[111],"images.":[114],"Experimental":[115],"results":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"can":[122],"effectively":[123],"achieve":[129],"significant":[130],"efficiency":[132],"than":[133],"state-of-the-art":[135],"methods.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00"}
