{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156525416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","title":"Diversity and Inclusion: A Review of Effective Initiatives in Surgery","display_name":"Diversity and Inclusion: A Review of Effective Initiatives in Surgery","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156525416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","mag":"3156525416","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33879396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74622277","display_name":"Journal of surgical education","issn_l":"1878-7452","issn":["1878-7452","1931-7204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Surgical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039645179","display_name":"Kshipra Hemal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-9400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-9400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269449","display_name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046r1r105","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kshipra Hemal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-9400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053452527","display_name":"Meera Reghunathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-5108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-5108"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160856358","display_name":"University of San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbbze48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meera Reghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-5108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078247601","display_name":"Megan R. Newsom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-1886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-1886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269449","display_name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/046r1r105","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan Newsom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-1886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269449","https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080349583","display_name":"Greta L. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-9414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-9414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160856358","display_name":"University of San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbbze48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greta Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-9414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013342684","display_name":"Amanda A. Gosman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-9302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-9302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160856358","display_name":"University of San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbbze48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Gosman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California. Electronic address: agosman@ucsd.edu","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California. Electronic address: agosman@ucsd.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of San Diego, San Diego, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013342684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.6907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99721982,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"5","first_page":"1500","last_page":"1515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-in-surgery","display_name":"diversity in surgery","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresented-minorities-in-medicine","display_name":"underrepresented minorities in medicine","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-diversity","display_name":"gender diversity","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-surgery","display_name":"women in surgery","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holistic-review","display_name":"holistic review","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mentoring-programs","display_name":"mentoring programs","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-rotations","display_name":"clinical rotations","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/awards","display_name":"awards","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workshops","display_name":"workshops","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.7875803709030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967647","display_name":"Mentorship","level":2,"score":0.7596479058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.7049299478530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.6869076490402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6105697751045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5333335995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5066230893135071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.46221086382865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993838110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494230","display_name":"Medical school","level":2,"score":0.43183571100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25586915016174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.21903035044670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008611","descriptor_name":"Mentors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009985","descriptor_name":"Orthopedics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010036","descriptor_name":"Otolaryngology","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.03.010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74622277","display_name":"Journal of surgical education","issn_l":"1878-7452","issn":["1878-7452","1931-7204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Surgical Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33879396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33879396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of surgical education","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59354163","https://openalex.org/W120074512","https://openalex.org/W1993241963","https://openalex.org/W1995463634","https://openalex.org/W1997617482","https://openalex.org/W2022094782","https://openalex.org/W2031271518","https://openalex.org/W2047335107","https://openalex.org/W2047434654","https://openalex.org/W2061660191","https://openalex.org/W2071107500","https://openalex.org/W2073606739","https://openalex.org/W2075949702","https://openalex.org/W2075989309","https://openalex.org/W2089638003","https://openalex.org/W2165416967","https://openalex.org/W2262289506","https://openalex.org/W2275841924","https://openalex.org/W2323231957","https://openalex.org/W2340920317","https://openalex.org/W2343662754","https://openalex.org/W2399736645","https://openalex.org/W2412044783","https://openalex.org/W2489647827","https://openalex.org/W2553028666","https://openalex.org/W2563170828","https://openalex.org/W2563268427","https://openalex.org/W2591649412","https://openalex.org/W2594519269","https://openalex.org/W2612555116","https://openalex.org/W2730736670","https://openalex.org/W2744075984","https://openalex.org/W2763073604","https://openalex.org/W2779161925","https://openalex.org/W2890134413","https://openalex.org/W2894244568","https://openalex.org/W2903233573","https://openalex.org/W2909166800","https://openalex.org/W2909184042","https://openalex.org/W2914290585","https://openalex.org/W2943688400","https://openalex.org/W2946354413","https://openalex.org/W2962788767","https://openalex.org/W2967168559","https://openalex.org/W2967242594","https://openalex.org/W2968967272","https://openalex.org/W2969303945","https://openalex.org/W2971894355","https://openalex.org/W2973039728","https://openalex.org/W2975535773","https://openalex.org/W2982821105","https://openalex.org/W2990382793","https://openalex.org/W2993286571","https://openalex.org/W2999792622","https://openalex.org/W3021462039","https://openalex.org/W3023367026","https://openalex.org/W3026681169","https://openalex.org/W3033579825","https://openalex.org/W3047918517","https://openalex.org/W3049106379","https://openalex.org/W3087755659","https://openalex.org/W3088356148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3132512821","https://openalex.org/W7154159996","https://openalex.org/W4224274865","https://openalex.org/W7168085489","https://openalex.org/W7116773573","https://openalex.org/W4411680233","https://openalex.org/W4415204988","https://openalex.org/W4413762479","https://openalex.org/W4415648379","https://openalex.org/W3157858774"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}